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Heroin

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1862 synthesized by Charles Alder Wright at St Mary's Hospital ... Analgesia. Convulsions. Dependence. Drowsiness. Mood changes. Respiratory depression ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Heroin


1
Heroin
Brown sugar Chi Chinese H Dragon Gear
H Harry Horse Junk Scat Skag Smack
Abby Grant
2
Background
  • 1862 synthesized by Charles Alder Wright at St
    Marys Hospital Medical School
  • 1898 medical use as cough suppressant and lung
    stimulant by Bayer Pharmaceutical Co.
  • 1900s - available to the public, concerns raised
    over addictiveness and medical benefits
  • 1924 banned from the US
  • 1960s heroin started to become a major social
    problem

3
Chemical Structure and Metabolism
  • chemical derivative of opium from unripe poppy
    seeds
  • structurally related to morphine
  • Mode of action produces active metabolites which
    act upon opiod receptors (µ, ?, d)
  • Metabolism

½-1 hour
M-6-G
Heroin
6-MAM
Morphine
M-3-G
  • Metabolized in liver by
  • glucuronide conjugation

- Excreted into urine via kidney
4
Heroin Use
  • Medical (diamorphine)
  • Production from hydrochloride salt, H2O soluble
  • Use Pain medication for severe, acute, chronic
    pain
  • Administration intravenous or intramuscular
    injection
  • Dose 5-10 mg
  • Illicit
  • Production from morphine or raw opium
  • Administration Intravenous injection, smoking,
    snorting, subcataneous, intramuscular, oral,
    rectal
  • Dose varies between 50 mg 5000mg per day

5
Routes of Administration
  • IV administration most efficient, health risks
    associated with injecting (AIDS, Hepatitis),
    highest risk of overdose
  • Smoking/ chasing the dragon adulterant added
    to enhance volatility
  • Snorting least efficient, swallowing occurs
  • Oral ingestion absorbed slowly, metabolized by
    the liver,

6
Pharmacological Properties
  • Analgesia
  • Convulsions
  • Dependence
  • Drowsiness
  • Mood changes
  • Respiratory depression
  • Nausea, vomiting, reduced digestion

7
Treatment
  • For Addiction
  • - use of a synthetic opiod, methadone
  • - rapid detoxification, opoid antagonist
    administration, herbal medicines, acupuncture,
  • For overdose
  • - respirator
  • - opiod antidote naloxone
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