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Confined Spaces

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Title: Confined Spaces


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Confined Spaces
  • Deadly Places !

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Milestones
  • July , 1975 OSHA first issued its Advanced
    Notice of Proposed Rule Making (ANPR), Standards
    for work in Confined Spaces
  • December ,1979 NIOSH published recommended
    procedures guidelines for a permit system
    training

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Milestones
  • January 1986 NIOSH published Request for
    Assistance in Preventing Occupational Fatalities
    in Confined Spaces.
  • June 1989- OSHA issued a Notice of Proposed Rule
    Making (NPRM)
  • September 1989, OSHA issued standards for Control
    of Hazardous Energy Sources (Lockout/Tagout), 29
    CFR 1910.147

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Milestones
  • November 1990 December 1993 Comments were
    tabulated and a draft was written of the new
    requirements for confined spaces.
  • April 15, 1993 The confined space standards
    became effective
  • The Standard is 29 CFR 1910.146

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What is a confined space ?
  • Large enough to permit a worker to bodily enter
  • Restricted or Limited entry or exit
  • Not designed for continuous occupancy

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Permit Required Confined Space
  • Contains or could contain a hazardous atmosphere
    or
  • Contains a material which could engulf, or trap,
    or asphyxiate workers or
  • Contains internal converging walls, downsloping
    floor, or tapering sides to a smaller cross
    section or
  • Other serious safety health hazards.

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Confined Spaces
  • Each year 1.6 million workers work in what is
    defined by OSHA as Confined Spaces. In general
    industry (1910), as a result of the operations,
    the American work force suffers an average 63
    fatalities each year, 5930 lost work days
    injuries, and 6950 non-lost work day injuries
    annually. Serious injury or death can result due
    to engulfment, electrocution, asphyxiation, or
    the accidental activation of machinery. It is
    estimated that 40 of these fatalities are due to
    hazardous atmospheric conditions.

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Confined Spaces
  • Sixty percent (60) of all confined space deaths
    were the would-be-rescuers, and in a survey of
    fatal accidents from December of 1983 through
    December of 1989, thirty five percent (35) of
    the workers killed in confined spaces were
    supervisors.

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  • In keeping with Chapter 5(a)(1) of the General
    Duty Clause, OSHA on December 1, 1998,
    promulgated additional changes to the Confined
    Space Standard. More controls and emphasis are
    given to the entrant and attendant regarding
    information on the space to be entered and the
    monitoring equipment necessary to perform
    required monitoring prior to entry. Also in this
    most recent change are additional requirements
    that an employer must meet with regards to
    confined space emergency rescue operations, when
    are they required, who is responsible for their
    training, and how often rescue drills must be
    conducted.

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Rescue Teams
  • An employer who designates rescue and emergency
    services, pursuant to paragraph (d)(9) of this
    section, shall
  • Evaluate a prospective rescuer's ability to
    respond to a rescue summons in a timely manner,
    considering the hazard(s) identified
  • Evaluate a prospective rescue service's ability,
    in terms of proficiency with rescue-related tasks
    and equipment, to function appropriately while
    rescuing entrants from the particular permit
    space or types of permit spaces identified

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Rescue Teams
  • Select a rescue team or service from those
    evaluated that
  • Has the capability to reach the victim(s) within
    a time frame that is appropriate for the permit
    space hazard(s) identified
  • Is equipped for and proficient in performing the
    needed rescue services
  • Inform each rescue team or service of the hazards
    they may confront when called on to perform
    rescue at the site and

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Rescue Teams
  • Provide the rescue team or service selected with
    access to all permit spaces from which rescue may
    be necessary so that the rescue service can
    develop appropriate rescue plans and practice
    rescue operations.
  • An employer whose employees have been designated
    to provide permit space rescue and emergency
    services shall take the following measures

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Rescue Teams
  • Provide affected employees with the personal
    protective equipment (PPE) needed to conduct
    permit space rescues safely and train affected
    employees so they are proficient in the use of
    that PPE, at no cost to those employees
  • Train affected employees to perform assigned
    rescue duties. The employer must ensure that such
    employees successfully complete the training
    required to establish proficiency as an
    authorized entrant,

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Rescue Teams
  • Train affected employees in basic first-aid and
    cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The employer
    shall ensure that at least one member of the
    rescue team or service holding a current
    certification in first aid and CPR is available
    and
  • Ensure that affected employees practice making
    permit space rescues at least once every 12
    months, by means of simulated rescue operations
    in which they remove dummies, manikins, or actual
    persons from the actual permit spaces or from
    representative permit spaces. Representative
    permit spaces shall, with respect to opening
    size, configuration, and accessibility, simulate
    the types of permit spaces from which rescue is
    to be performed.

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Rescue Teams
  • To facilitate non-entry rescue, retrieval systems
    or methods shall be used whenever an authorized
    entrant enters a permit space, unless the
    retrieval equipment would increase the overall
    risk of entry or would not contribute to the
    rescue of the entrant.
  • Each authorized entrant shall use a chest or full
    body harness, with a retrieval line attached at
    the center of the entrant's back near shoulder
    level, above the entrant's head, or at another
    point which the employer can establish presents a
    profile small enough for the successful removal
    of the entrant. Wristlets may be used in lieu of
    the chest or full body harness if the employer
    can demonstrate that the use of a chest or full
    body harness is infeasible or creates a greater
    hazard and that the use of wristlets is the
    safest and most effective alternative.

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Rescue Teams
  • The other end of the retrieval line shall be
    attached to a mechanical device or fixed point
    outside the permit space in such a manner that
    rescue can begin as soon as the rescuer becomes
    aware that rescue is necessary. A mechanical
    device shall be available to retrieve personnel
    from vertical type permit spaces more than 5 feet
    (1.52 m) deep

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Rescue Teams
  • Non-Mandatory Appendix F -- Rescue Team or Rescue
    Service Evaluation Criteria

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www.TexasRescue.com
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