Homeostasis

1
Homeostasis

• The kidney
• The gross structure of the urinary system

2
Introduction

• The urinary system rids the body of waste
  materials and controls the volume and composition
  of body fluids.
• Highly specialized cells in the kidneys are
  essential to these processes.

3
Introduction

• The urinary system is composed of paired
  kidneys and ureters, the urinary bladder, and the
  urethra.
• Urine is produced in the kidneys, and then
  drains through the ureters to the urinary
  bladder, where the urine is stored.
• Urine is eliminated from the body through the
  urethra.

4
The Urinary System
5
The Urinary System
The kidney
6
The Urinary System
The kidney
ureter
7
The Urinary System
The kidney
ureter
bladder
8
The Urinary System
The kidney
ureter
bladder
urethra
9
The Urinary System
The kidney
dorsal aorta
ureter
bladder
urethra
10
The Urinary System
inferior vena cava
The kidney
dorsal aorta
ureter
bladder
urethra
11
The Urinary System
inferior vena cava
The kidney
renal vein
dorsal aorta
ureter
bladder
urethra
12
The Urinary System
inferior vena cava
The kidney
renal vein with renal artery behind
dorsal aorta
ureter
bladder
urethra
13
The Urinary System
adrenal gland
inferior vena cava
The kidney
renal vein with renal artery behind
dorsal aorta
ureter
bladder
urethra
14
Kidney function

• Each bean-shaped kidney is embedded in a fatty
  adipose capsule.
• The kidneys are retroperitoneal, lying against
  the dorsal body wall in the upper abdomen.

15
Kidney function
An adrenal gland, which is part of the
endocrine system, lies on top of each kidney.
Several structures enter or exit the concave
surface of the kidney at the renal hilus,
including the ureter and the renal vein, which
drains into the inferior vena cava.
16
The kidney
17
The kidney
ureter
18
The kidney
renal pelvis
ureter
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The kidney
renal cortex
renal pelvis
ureter
20
The kidney
renal cortex
renal pelvis
renal medulla
ureter
21
The kidney
renal cortex
pyramids
renal pelvis
renal medulla
ureter
22
Kidney blood supply
23
Kidney blood supply
When the renal vein is removed and the kidney
is shown in frontal section, you can see the
deeper renal artery and its connection to the
abdominal aorta.
24
Kidney blood supply
Together, these vessels provide the kidneys
with a rich blood supply under high pressure that
allows them to continuously filter and cleanse
the blood.