The pre-erythrocytic stage, when the parasite is in the hepatocytes

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MALARIA VACCINES

• The pre-erythrocytic stage, when the parasite is
  in the hepatocytes

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Life Cycle Of Malaria

• The asexual stage, when the parasite binds and
  infects the erythrocytes.

?
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Finally the sexual stage, involves vaccines that
elicit antibodies which prevent the development
of the sexual stage within the midgut of the
mosquito
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MALARIA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
Life Cycle Of Malaria ?

• Pre-erythrocytic vaccines.

R32Tox-A
Trial An average efficiency of 70.9

against
Plasmodium falciparum.
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Life Cycle Of Malaria ?

• Asexual stage vaccines

Spf66
Trial In Gambia gt5 effective in young
children.

• Transmission blocking vaccines

Pfs25
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Multistage-multicomponent versus Single stage
vaccines

• Spf66

• Trial 1 In Colombia it gave an efficiency of
  33 over all ages and 77.2 over ages lt 5
  years.

• Trial 2 In Gambia it gave an efficiency of 8
  in 6-11 month babies and 9 over ages 2-15
  years.
•  

• NYVAC-Pf7

• Trial Efficiency of 2.8 against Plasmodium
  falciparum.

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Occurrence of malaria
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• Anti-malarial drugs

Quinine (antipyretic drug) extracted from the
bark of the cinchona tree.
Chloroquine (less toxic than Quinine)
Prophylaxis Mefloquine Halofantrine.
Artemisinin (orally administered)
Deoxycycline.