Chapter 28 Vocabulary Quiz

1
Chapter 28
2

• Chapter 28 Vocabulary Quiz 1
• Czar
• Abdicate
• Soviet
• Autarky
• Superpower
• Client state
• Glasnost
• Perestroika
• Bolshevik Party
• Batu

3
Chapter 28

• Vocabulary

4

• Czar
• Latin for Caesar and means emperor
• Abdicate
• Resign or give up power
• Soviet
• A self governing council of each republic of the
  former Soviet Union
• Autarky
• A policy of economic self-sufficiency

5

• Superpower
• Powerful nation
• Client state
• A country that is politically, economically, and
  militarily dependent on a more powerful country
• Glasnost
• Mikhail Gorbachevs policy of openness, which
  allowed (not aloud) open discussion of the
  countrys problems
• Perestroika
• Mikhail Gorbachevs major economic reforms or
  restructuring

6

• Bolshevik Party
• Group that overthrew the Russian government in
  1917 and became the Communist Party led by V.I.
  Lenin
• Batu
• Led the Mongols into the steppe region in 1223.
  He was the grandson of Genghis Khan.

7
Invaders of the Steppe

• Viking traders
• First leaders of Kiev
• Were called Rus, origin of the word Russia

8
Viking (Eric the Red)
9
Kiev Capital city of the Ukraine A monument
to archangel Michael, the patron of Kiev, with
Independence Square in the background
10

• Then came Orthodox Christian missionaries and
  merchants from the Balkans
• In 1223, fierce invaders from Mongolia arrived
  led by Batu
• They destroyed Kiev in 1240

11
Batu Khan13th Century Mongol Ruler
12

• 1400s Ivan III gained control of parts of Russia
  from the Mongols
• Also known as Ivan the Great

13

• In 1547 Ivan IV crowned himself czar
• He was only 16
• He became known as Ivan the Terrible

14
(No Transcript)
15

• Ivan the Terrible stretched Russias territory
  all the way to the Pacific coast by 1632.
• By the 1860s Russia spread into Asia and into
  North America.
• Peter the Great (1682 1725) extended Russia
  west to the Baltic Sea.
• Catherine the Great (1762 1796) extended Russia
  south to the Black Sea.

16
Peter the Great
17
Catherine the Great
18
The Russian Empire Falls

• Discontent
• Unequal distribution of wealth
• 85 of the people were peasants (poor farmers)
• Land owners, merchants, and Royalty made up the
  rest.
• 1890s life worsened
• Droughts caused food shortages
• Global economic depression slowed trade

19
Russia Enters WWI

• WWI starts in 1914
• Russia was not prepared for war
• The Czar abdicates in 1917
• The loss of life and the high cost of World War I
  
• Social and economic problems
• Temporary Republic was established
• Bolshevik party over throws government

20
NICHOLAS II (NIKOLAI ALEXANDROVICH)
Family portrait early 1910s
Maria
Alexei
Olga
Tatiana
Anastasia
Empress Alexandra
21
Section 1 Review Questions

• What factors hindered the westward expansion of
  the Russian Empire?
• - Differences between the Russian Empire and the
  countries of Europe in political ideas and
  religions
• - The powerful European kingdoms of Poland and
  Sweden

22

• What was the Communist Revolution? What were its
  causes?
• The causes included an uneven distribution of
  wealth, droughts and food shortages in the 1890s,
  and the loss of life in WWI, and the costs of
  fighting in WWI.
• It was the name given to the overthrow of
  Russias government by the Bolshevik party in
  1917.

23
Critical Thinking

• Assess the extent to which physical geography
  played a role in the regions early history.
• The plains of the steppe enabled the movement of
  many groups of people across the region and
  allowed the growth of Kiev, the Mongol Empire,
  and the Russian Empire.

24
Section 2

• The Soviet Union

25

• Chapter 28 Vocabulary Quiz 2
• Czar
• Abdicate
• Soviet
• Autarky
• Superpower
• Client state
• Glasnost
• Perestroika
• Bolshevik Party
• Batu

26
Objectives

• Identify the key Soviet political and economic
  principles
• Describe daily life in the Soviet Union
• Explain the international significance of the
  Soviet Union

27
Bolsheviks

• Led by V. I. Lenin
• Used the ideas of Karl Marx
• to shape Russia
• Believed that the government
• should own all industries

28
Karl Marx

• Believed working class people were victims of
  capitalism
• Believe that business leaders kept people poor to
  maintain their power

29
Civil War

• Started in 1917 after the czar abdicated
• A temporary republic was established
• Bolsheviks over threw the republic after four
  years of fighting
• Civil war ended in 1921 and Lenin became the
  first leader of the Soviet Union (USSR) Union of
  Soviet Socialist Republics

30
USSR
31
15 Republics

• The USSR was made up of 15 republics
• Russia Georgia
• Estonia Ukraine
• Latvia Kazakhstan
• Lithuania Tajikistan
• Belarus Turkmenistan
• Armenia Uzbekistan
• Azerbaijan Kyrgyzstan
• Moldova

32

• Each republic had a soviet
• (A local governing council)
• They didnt really have any power
• All decisions were made by the Communist Party
  leaders in Moscow
• The Soviet Union grew into a totalitarian state
  which gave the people very few freedoms

33
Joseph Stalin

• Took control of the country after Lenin's death
  in 1924
• Stalin brutally ruled until 1953
• He was known as the Man of Steel

34
(No Transcript)
35
Georgy-Malenkov

• March 53 to
• September 53

36
Nikita Khruchchev

• September 53 to
• October 64

37
Mikhail Gorbachev

• March 85 to
• December 91

38
Soviet Economic Geography

• The government established their economic goals
  on a five year plan
• They decided what crops and industries would be
  built
• They also decided how much they would be paid
• Even though they brought all the farmers under
  government control they invested very little
  money in agriculture

39

• Because of this lack of investment in farming
  they had to import much of their food by the late
  1950s
• The government did allow farmers to have small
  farming plots which provided ¼ of the countrys
  food

40
Autarky

• A country strives for economic self-sufficiency
• Under this plan the Soviet Union became a leader
  in the production of many minerals and industrial
  products
• Many of their products were poor quality because
  of the lack of competition

41
Life in the Soviet Union

• Poor working conditions
• Food supplies were limited in quality and
  quantity
• Long lines to buy everyday supplies
• Crowded housing
• Limited personal freedoms
• Religious worship was eliminated

42
Education

• Improved
• Under the Czars only 25 of the people could read
  and write
• By the 1980s over 90 of the people could read
  and write
• Education focused on science and technology

43
The Cold War

• A war of words between the USSR and the US
• It was a time of fear
• It was a competition between the USSR and the US
  over weapon technology and the space race

44
Section 2 Review Questions

• What economic policies did the Soviet Union
  follow? What economic problems did the country
  have?
• The government made all economic decisions, and
  it wanted the country to be economically
  self-sufficient.
• Problems included low food production due to
  little investment in agriculture, and low factory
  efficiency and product quality due to lack of
  competition.

45

• 2. List 5 characteristics of daily life in the
  soviet union.
• Poor working conditions
• Limited supplies of food and other goods
• Crowded living arrangements
• Schooling that stressed science
• Widely available health care
• The threat of imprisonment for criticizing the
  government
• Limited religious freedom

46

• Explain why the rivalry between the Soviet Union
  and the United States was called the Cold War.
• It did not lead to any actual fighting between
  the two nations.
• It was a war of words between the US and the USSR
• It was a competition between the US and the USSR
  over weapon technology and the space race

47
Belarus
Russia
Ukraine
Kazakhstan
48
Chapter 28Section3

• A New Geography of Northern Eurasia

49
Chapter 28 Map Quiz
50
Objectives

• Explain why the Soviet Union broke apart
• Analyze challenges facing the region

51
Collapse of the Soviet Union

• Declining economy during 1980s
• Mikhail Gorbachev realized economic reform was
  needed
• He established two policies
• Glasnost which allowed open discussion of the
  countrys problems
• Perestroika which started major economic reforms

52

• Because of these two policies the communist party
  lost a lot of its authority
• Other reasons for the collapse of the Soviet
  Union were
• People were tired of sacrifice without gain
• The peoples demand for consumer goods grew
• They were becoming more frustrated

53

• When the Communist government started losing its
  authority, communism in many Eastern European
  client states collapsed in 1989
• In 1991 the Soviet Union broke apart
• Soviet Union was replaced by the Commonwealth of
  Independent States (CIS)
• The CIS did not have a strong central government
• It did provide a way for former Soviet republics
  to discuss shared problems

54
The First Democratically Elected President of
Russia

• Boris Yeltsin

55
Boris Yeltsin

• Worked for a more democratic government
• Wanted a market economy

56
Problems in Former Republics

• Tension between supporters and opponents of
  reform
• Tension between ethnic groups
• More than 100 ethic groups
• When the region divided into separate countries
  many minority groups were established
• Civil wars have broken out several times

57
Economic Geography

• Despite the ethnic and economic tensions there
  still is the possibility of unity between the
  regions
• Soviet planners made the regions dependant on
  each other

58
Changing Economy

• Even though there is little money to invest
  private farms and businesses are appearing
• Workers own stock in some corporations
• Some of the former republics have privatized some
  government owned businesses

59
Problems with the Changing Economy

• Unemployment and crime have increased (some
  people blame capitalism for these problems)
• Many people are unsure about their future ( under
  communism they at least had order, stability, and
  security)
• Resource-rich regions want their income should
  stay in their region, whereas resource poor
  regions are afraid that their economies will
  suffer

60

• Finding effective leaders is also a problem, they
  are used to being told what to do
• After many years of not having ties with other
  countries, now they are beginning to develop
  international ties

61
Environmental Issues

• Soviet Union left a legacy of environmental
  pollution and destruction
• Soviet industrial leaders felt pressure to
  produce immediate results at a low cost, so they
  did nothing to prevent pollutants from getting
  into the environment

62

• Throughout the region there is evidence of
• Deforestation
• River and lake pollution
• Improper disposal of toxic waste
• Dumping nuclear reactors in the Arctic Ocean
• Dumping large amount of radioactive waste in the
  Arctic Ocean
• Dumping raw sewage directly into rivers and lakes

63
(No Transcript)
64
(No Transcript)
65

• Murmansk, once the home of Russia's nuclear
  submarine fleet,has become the country's nuclear
  waste site.

66
Section 3

• 1.What role did the reforms of Mikhail
  Gorbachev play in the collapse of the Soviet
  Union?
• His policies of open discussion and economic
  restructuring led to a decline in the Communist
  partys authority.

67
Section 3

• 2. What economic and environmental challenges
  face the region?
• Economic little money available for investment,
  increased unemployment and crime, uneven
  distribution of resources
• Environmental deforestation, pollution, toxic
  waste

68
Section 3

• Predict which is more likely to characterize the
  region over the next decade unity or disunity.
  Support your answer.
• Unity- the economic interdependence of different
  regions
• Disunity- ethnic tensions and regionalism

69
Chapter 28 Review

• Building a Vocabulary
• What does Czar mean? Does Russia still have a
  Czar?
• Emperor, No
• 2. Define abdicate. Why did the Russian ruler
  abdicate in 1917?
• Resign, Russias social and economic problems
  combined with the losses during WW1

70
Chapter 28 Review

• 3. What were the governing councils of the Soviet
  Unions republics called?
• Soviets
• 4. Why might a country want to follow a policy of
  autarky?
• So as not to be economically dependent on other
  countries.
• 5. What is a client state?
• A country that is politically, economically, or
  militarily dependent on a more powerful country.

71
Chapter 28 Review

• Recalling and Reviewing
• Where did the roots of the Russian Empire lie?
• In the Steppe
• What is the commonwealth of Independent States?
• An organization that consists of the regions of
  the former Soviet Union and serves as a forum for
  leaders to address shared problems.

72
Chapter 28 Review

• 3. Why did the Soviet Union have little concern
  for the environment? What environmental problems
  face the region today as a result of policies
  followed by the Soviet Union?
• Soviet industrial leaders felt pressured to
  produce immediate results at the lowest cost,
  which often meant disregarding the environment.
  Deforestation, river, and lake pollution, and
  toxic waste problems face the region today.

73
Chapter 28 Review

• Thinking Critically
• Agree or disagree with the following statement
  Modern-day ethnic conflicts in the former Soviet
  Union have their roots in the regions early
  history.
• Agree Many different groups of people settled in
  the region in its early history. Then when the
  Russian Empire expanded, it came to include many
  non-Russian peoples.

74
Chapter 28 Review

• 2. Despite the many hardships of daily life in
  the Soviet Union, the country survived for nearly
  70 years. In your opinion, what factors were
  responsible for keeping the Soviet Union
  together?
• Even though daily life was difficult, it was
  still as good as it had ever been.
• People's belief in Communist ideals and
  willingness to make sacrifices.
• The Soviet Unions repression of dissent
• The order, stability and security of life in the
  Soviet Union

75
(No Transcript)
76
(No Transcript)
77
(No Transcript)
78
(No Transcript)