Marine microorganisms

1
Marine microorganisms

• Prokaryotic
• and
• Eukaryotic

2
Prokaryotic

• include photosynthesizers and chemosynthesizers
• many heterotrophs are decomposers
• cyanobacteria fix nitrogen- essential for
  eukaryotic phytoplankton

3
Prokaryotic

• Domain Bacteria
• significant decomposers
• cyanobacteria -
• calcareous mounds of
• cyanobacteria form
• stromatolites (Fig 5.3)
• - can 'fix' nitrogen
• and make N available
• to other primary
• producers

4
Prokaryotic

• Domain Archaea
• - similar to
  eukaryotes

5
Eukaryotic

• Domain Eukaryota
• - all contribute to Biogenous ooze

6
Eukaryotic

• Diatoms

7
Eukaryotic

• Dinoflagellates

8
Eukaryotic

• Coccolithophores

9
Eukaryotic

• Protozoans-
• "first animals
• - single cell, heterotrophic
• - otherwise so diverse they have little in common

10
Eukaryotic

• Foraminiferans

11
Eukaryotic

• Radiolarians

12
Eukaryotic

• Ciliates

13
Eukaryotic

• Silicoflagellates

14
Eukaryotic

• Cryptophytes
• -have two flagella and lack a skeleton
• -TINY cell within another cell
• -100s would fit in one diatom

15
Prokaryotic

• Domain Bacteria
• significant decomposers
• cyanobacteria - one of the first photosynthetic
  organisms in Earth history
• -photosynthetic pigments
• phycocyanin (bluish-green)
• phycoerythrin (redish- causes some red
  tides)
• - calcareous mounds of cyanobacteria form
  stromatolites (Fig 5.3) Read pg 92
  on Symbiotic Bacteria
• - can 'fix' nitrogen and make N available to
  other primary producers

16
Prokaryotic

• Domain Archaea
• - similar to eukaryotes
• Read pg 75 From Snack to Servant
• among (maybe THE) original organisms
• many are extremophiles, some chemosynthesize,
  some are autotrophs
• DNA studies recently showed they are also
  common throughout the water column

17
Eukaryotic

• Diatoms -silica (SiO2) frustule
• 12,000 species
• -pigments- cartenoid
• -important primary producers in cold waters
• -most are planktonic, some benthic
• -a few produce demoic acid, a lethal toxin
• -unusual reproduction (Fig 5.6)

18
Eukaryotic

• Dinoflagellates -cellulose skeleton
• -similar to seaweeds and land plants
• -use variety of pigments
• -many are bioluminescent
• -zooxanthellae symbiotic inside coral, clams,
  etc.
• -have 2 (dino) flagella one wrapped and one
  trailing
• Read pg. 97 Bay of Fire

19
Eukaryotic

• Coccolithophores
• button shaped calcium (CaCO3) coverings
• often fossilized

20
Eukaryotic

• Foraminiferans
• -calcium (CaCO3) test
• -pseudopods- get food
• -most are benthic
• -the few plankton
  species are very numerous

21
Eukaryotic

• Radiolarians
• -ornate silica test
• -trap food with pseudopods
• -numerous planktonic

22
Eukaryotic

• Ciliates
• -no skeleton
• -move with cilia
• -important consumers of dissolved nutrients

23
Eukaryotic

• Silicoflagellates
• -star shaped silica skeleton