LeadBased Paint Investigations

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Lead-Based Paint Investigations

• Andrew Burgie, MS

Center for Occupational Environmental Health
at Hunter College
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Lead-Based PaintCourse Overview

• What is Lead-Based Paint?
• Why is it Toxic?
• When is it Hazardous?
• What Laws Govern Lead-Based Paint?
• Recognizing, Evaluating, and Controlling
  Hazardous Lead Environments?
• Questions and Discussion

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What is Lead-Based Paint?
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Definition of Lead-Based Paint

• Paint with lead levels that are
• gt 1.0 milligram per square centimeter
• gt 1.0 mg/cm2
• gt0.5 by weight

Note If yellow box 1 cm2, 1 mg. or more of
lead found in chip would be above legal lead limit
U.S. Department of Housing Urban Development
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Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

• OSHA (1970) - Employer provides a safe and
  healthy workplace. Employee abides by employer
  rules concerning same.
• OSHA Lead Standards in Industry
• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1025 General
• OSHA 29 CFR 1926.62 Construction
• OSHA 29 CFR 1915.1025 Maritime

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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

• TSCA (1976) - Toxic Substances Control Act -
  Manufacturers and importers of chemicals required
  to include info about health and environmental
  effects of those chemicals
• EPA Lead Standards
• Title 15 Chapter 53 (Subchapter IV lead
  exposure reduction)

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Department of Housing Urban Development (HUD)

• HUD (1965) - Housing and Urban Development Act -
  Mission is to guarantee a decent, safe, and
  sanitary home and suitable living environment for
  every American
• HUD Lead Standards
• Title X Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard
  Reduction Act of 1992 (Section 1018 Disclosure
  of Lead-Based Paint)

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When is Lead-Based Paint Toxic?
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Lead Facts Routes of Entry

• Lead can be inhaled in the form of dust
• Lead can be ingested in the form of paint chips,
  soil contaminated with lead, toys or other
  objects covered with lead dust, tainted drinking
  water

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Lead Facts Health Effects

• Both adults and children can get lead poisoning
  depending on the concentration
• Children are more susceptible because
• Childrens brains and nervous system are more
  sensitive to damaging effects of lead
• Childrens growing bodies absorb more lead
• Babies and young children often put their hands
  and other objects in their mouths which may have
  lead dust on them

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Lead Facts Health Effects

• Children with high lead levels can experience
• Damage to brain and nervous system
• Behavior and learning problems (hyperactivity)
• Slowed growth
• Hearing problems
• Headaches

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Lead Facts Health Effects

• Blood tests for children are recommended
• At ages 1 and 2
• If exposure to high levels of lead has occurred
• If local health screening plan requires it

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Lead Facts Health Effects

• Adults can suffer from
• Difficulties during pregnancy
• Other reproductive problems (men women)
• High blood pressure
• Digestive problems
• Nerve disorders
• Memory and concentration problems
• Muscle and joint pain

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

• SECTION I - Identification Data
• SECTION II - Hazardous Ingredients Data
• SECTION III - Physical Chemical
  Characteristics Data
• SECTION IV - Fire Explosion Data
• SECTION V - Reactivity Data
• SECTION VI - Health Hazards Data
• SECTION VII - Special Handling Information
  (Spill, Leak, Disposal)
• SECTION VIII - Control Measures (Ventilation,
  PPE)
• SECTION IX - Special Precautions Additional
  Information

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Ledizolv MSDS (OPTIONAL)Material Safety Data
Sheet

• I - Identification
• Product Name (As appears on label) LEDIZOLV
• CAS Registry Number Not Applicable
• Effective Date January 8, 2001
• Chemical Family Anionic Liquid Detergent
• II - Hazardous Ingredients / Identity Information
• There are no hazardous ingredients in LEDIZOLV
  as defined by the OSHA Standard and Hazardous
  Substance List 29 CFR 1910 Subpart Z. Contains no
  Canadian WHMIS controlled substances.

http//www.ledizolv.com/LearnAbout/LedizolvMSDS/Ls
zMSDS.asp
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Ledizolv MSDS (OPTIONAL)Material Safety Data
Sheet

• III - Physical / Chemical Characteristics
• Boiling Point (F) 220 degrees F
• Vapor Pressure (mm Hg) N/A
• Vapor Density (AIR1) N/A
• Specific Gravity 1.080
• Melting Point N/A
• Evaporation Rate (Butyl Acetate1) N/A
• Solubility in Water Completely soluble in all
  proportions.
• Appearance and Odor Amber liquid - nearly
  odorless.
• IV - Fire and Explosion Data
• Flash Point (Method Used) None (Open cup)
• Flammable Limits LEL, N/S UEL N/A
• Extinguishing Media Water, dry chemical, CO2,
  foam
• Special Firefighting Procedures Self-contained
  positive pressure breathing apparatus and
  protective clothing should beworn in fighting
  fires involving chemicals.
• Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards None

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Ledizolv MSDS (OPTIONAL)Material Safety Data
Sheet

• V - Reactivity Data
• Stability Stable
• Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur
• Incompatibility (materials to avoid) None
• Hazardous Decomposition or By-products May
  release ammonia, carbon monoxide or carbon
  dioxide on burning.
• VI - Health Hazard Data
• Route(s) of Entry Inhalation? No Skin? No,
  except for open cuts or abrasions Ingestion? Yes
• Health Hazards (Acute and Chronic) Material may
  cause eye irritation and/or burns. May cause skin
  irritation.
• Carcinogenicity NTP? No IARC Monographs? No
  OSHA Regulated? No

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Ledizolv MSDS (OPTIONAL)Material Safety Data
Sheet

• VI - Health Hazard Data (continued)
• Signs and Symptoms of Exposure Material may
  prove locally irritating. Medical Conditions
  Generally Aggravated by Exposure Not Established.
  Unnecessary exposure to this product or any
  industrial chemical should be avoided.
  Pre-existing skin conditions may be aggravated by
  exposure.
• Emergency and First Aid Procedures
  Eyes-Immediately flush eyes with water for at
  least 15 minutes. Call a physician. Skin-Flush
  with plenty of water. Ingestion-Drink large
  quantities of water or milk. Do not induce
  vomiting. If vomiting occurs re-administer
  fluids. See a physician.

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Ledizolv MSDS (OPTIONAL)Material Safety Data
Sheet

• VII - Precautions for Safe Handling and Use
• Steps to be taken if Material is Released or
  Spilled For small spills recover as much as
  possible to flush remainder to sewer. Large
  spills should be disposed of according to local
  regulations. Material is biodegradable.
• Waste Disposal Method Small quantities may be
  disposed of in sewer. Large quantities should be
  disposed of in accordance with local ordinances
  for non-hazardous detergent products. Precautions
  to be Taken in Storing and Handling No special
  precautions in storing. Use protective equipment
  when handling undiluted material.
• Other Precautions Avoid splashing and spraying
  undiluted material. No other special requirements
  other than the good industrial hygiene and safety
  practices employed with any industrial chemical.

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Ledizolv MSDS (OPTIONAL)Material Safety Data
Sheet

• VIII - Control Measures
• Respiratory Protection (Specify Type) Not
  required.
• Ventilation Local Exhaust Normal
• Special - Not Required
• Mechanical - Not Required
• Other - Not Required
• Protective Gloves Impervious gloves are
  recommended.
• Eye Protection Goggles and/or splash shields
  are recommended.
• Other Protective Clothing or Equipment Eye wash
  station should be available.
• Work/Hygienic Practices Wash hands before
  eating, drinking or smoking. The information
  herein is given in good faith but no warranty is
  expressed or implied.

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When is Lead-Based Paint Hazardous?
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Factors Impacting Lead Hazard

• Building Age Buildings built and painted before
  1978, the year that lead was removed from
  household paint
• Paint Condition Poor quality paint that is
  chipping, peeling, cracking, pulverizing
• Presence of Young Children Children between the
  ages of 6 months and seven years old are
  susceptible due to their developing bodies, and
  desire to put objects in mouth

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Factors Impacting Lead Hazard

• Friction Surfaces Surfaces that get a lot of
  wear-and-tear such as
• Windows and window sills
• Doors and door frames
• Stairs, railings, banisters, and porches
• Renovations Surfaces that are disturbed
• Outdoor paint in soil
• Indoor paint chips/ dust on floor
• Old Pipes Drinking water that runs through old
  water pipes with lead solder
• Residential
• City

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Lead-Based Paint Legislation
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Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Lead
Standards

• Lead Dust
• lt40 micrograms per square foot (ug/ft2) floors
• lt250 ug/ft2 - interior window sills
• Lead in Soil
• lt400 parts per million (ppm) play areas of bare
  soil
• lt1,200 ppm (average) - bare soil in remainder of
  yard
• Lead in Water
• 15 micrograms per liter (ug/L) drinking water

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Recognizing Lead-Based Paint Hazards
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Recognizing Lead Hazards

• Building Age Buildings built/painted before
  1978
• Paint Condition Poor quality paint that is
  chipping, peeling, cracking, pulverizing
• Friction Surfaces Surfaces that get a lot of
  wear-and-tear such as windows, doors, stairs,
  etc.
• Renovations Painted surfaces that are disturbed
• Old Pipes Drinking water may be impacted

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Evaluating Lead-Based Paint Hazards
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Evaluating Lead Hazards

• Paint Inspection Quantifies lead content of
  every different type of painted surface in home
• Risk Assessment Quantifies impact of lead based
  paint found in home on your health and how to
  address the hazards found through use of
• Visual inspection of paint condition and location
• A portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) machine
• Lab tests of paint, dust, and soil samples (AAS)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Controlling Lead-Based Paint Hazards
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Controlling Lead Hazards (Adults)

• Notify Landlord of paint in poor condition
• Clean up paint chips immediately
• Clean floors, window frames, window sills and
  other surfaces weekly (mop/sponge/warm
  water/general all-purpose cleaner or lead
  cleaner)
• Thoroughly rinse sponges and mop heads after
  cleaning problem areas
• Wash childrens hands often (especially before
  eating, naps, and bedtime

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Controlling Lead Hazards (Adults)

• Keep play areas clean (and toys or other easily
  accessible objects)
• Clean or remove shoes before entering home to
  avoid tracking in lead from soil
• Prevent children from chewing window sills or
  other painted surfaces
• Make sure children eat nutritious, low-fat meals
  high in iron and calcium

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Controlling Lead Hazard (Adults)

• Repair damaged painted surfaces
• Have area tested for lead-based paint
• Do not use dry or hot abrasive methods to prevent
  dust and fume generation
• Temporarily move your family or completely seal
  work area
• Follow other safety measures prescribed in
  Reducing Lead Hazards When Remodeling Your Home
  at 1-800-424-LEAD

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Controlling Lead Hazard (Adults)

• Plant grass to cover soil with high lead levels
  or plant barrier foliage
• Hire a certified lead abatement contractor to
  permanently eliminate hazard (removing, sealing,
  or encapsulation with special materials.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Controlling Lead Hazard (Kids)

• Notify Parent of paint in poor condition
• Help keep play areas clean (and toys or other
  easily accessible objects) for siblings
• Prevent sibling from chewing window sills or
  other painted surfaces
• Make sure siblings eat nutritious, low-fat meals
  high in iron and calcium

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
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Questions Comments
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CONCLUSION

• www.osha.gov - OSHA WEBSITE
• www.epa.gov - EPA WEBSITE
• www.cdc.gov/niosh - NIOSH WEBSITE
• www.hud.gov - HUD WEBSITE
• _____________________________________
• ANDREW BURGIE, M.S.
• Center for Occupational and Environmental Health
  at Hunter College
• [phone]