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Technology alternatives for developing countries

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... such as diarrheoa, cholera, malaria, bilharzia take more lives than any other diseases ... Millions more fall sick, which rob strength and vitality ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Technology alternatives for developing countries


1
Technology alternatives for developing countries
  • JN Bhagwan
  • Director Water Use and Waste Management
  • Water Research Commission

2
Introduction
  • WSS related diseases such as diarrheoa, cholera,
    malaria, bilharzia take more lives than any other
    diseases
  • The poor and children are most vulnerable
  • 15 African children die every 10 minutes
  • 800 000 deaths per year
  • Millions more fall sick, which rob strength and
    vitality
  • WSS provides the most effective barrier against
    these diseases
  • Some two billion people in developing countries
    lack adequate sanitation.
  • In the low-income high-density areas, some four
    billion people lack wastewater treatment that is,
    around two-thirds of the worlds population.
  • The question then how can we meet the WSSD goals
    ?

3
Limitation of conventional technologies in
developing areas
  • Centralised to provide economies of scale,
    however requires large quantities of resources to
    operate
  • More cost effective to operate few large works
    than many smaller works, yet offers very little
    flexibility and decentralization
  • Fewer skilled staff required, however those
    skills are hard to obtain and retain.
  • High capital costs, very little flexibility in
    size and design horizon is long, mainly 20-30
    years
  • Highly efficient and reliable, but high energy
    and OM costs
  • Suited to environments where resources are not a
    constraint, water abundance etc. Most developing
    areas are water stressed/lack resources

4
Water supply, but no drainage.
Sewerage but no treatment
Cannot find it, poor infrastructure management
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