4 Major Organic Molecules Standard 1h

1
4 Major Organic Molecules- Standard 1h

• Mono one
• Di two
• Poly many
• Monomers are single units (like bricks)
• Polymers are long chains of monomers (like a wall)

2
4 Major Organic Molecules std Bio 1h
Carbohydrates
Monomers monosaccharide
Saccharide sugar
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Ex sucrose (sugar) Quick energy
Ex glucose, fructose Quickest energy
Ex starch (plants) storage glycogen
(animals) storage cellulose (plants)
structure chitin (insects,fungi) structure
Energy storage/structure
3
4 Major Organic Molecules
Monomers glycerol fatty acids
Lipids
Saturated Fats
Unsaturated Fats

• Animal fat
• Solid _at_ room temp
• Glycerol w/ 3 fatty acid tails
• All single bonds

• Plant fat
• Liquid _at_ room temp
• Glycerol w/ 3 fatty acid tails
• 1 or more double bonds

4
Related
Phospholipids
Sterols

• Make up cell membrane
• Glycerol w/ 2 fatty acid tails phosphate
• Head likes water (hydrophilic)
• Tails hate water (hydrophobic)

• Cholesterol, hormones (testosterone, estrogen)
• Complex ring structure

5
4 Major Organic Molecules
Monomers nucleotides
Nucleic Acids
DNA

• Deoxyribonucleic acid
• Double-stranded
• Contains blueprint for you!
• Made of nucleotides
• Sugar (deoxyribose)
• Phosphate
• Base (A, T, G, or C)

Transcribed to
RNA

• Ribonucleic acid
• Single-stranded
• Copy of blueprint used to build proteins
• Made of nucleotides
• Sugar (ribose)
• Phosphate
• Base (A, U, G, or C)

Translated to
Proteins
6
4 Major Organic Molecules
Monomers amino acids
Proteins

• Responsible for EVERYTHING about you! (eye color,
  hair curl, height, etc)
• Made of long chains of amino acids held together
  by peptide bonds
• Blueprint for amino acid chains is found in DNA
• Chains fold up to make perfect 3D shape
• Mistake in DNA (mutation) mistake in amino acid
  chain mistake in 3D shape disease or death!

Peptide bond