Title: Effect of Pre and Postemergence Herbicide Applications on Kochia Kochia scoparia
1Effect of Pre- and Postemergence Herbicide
Applications on Kochia (Kochia scoparia)
- Art Gover, Jon Johnson, and Larry Kuhns
- Penn State/PENNDOT Roadside Research Project
- Department of Horticulture
2Background
- Kochia is a common problem in the western US
- Reported resistance to
- Atrazine
- Banvel
- Escort
- Oust
- Telar
- Pursuit
3Herbicide Resistance
- Selection of herbicide-tolerant biotypes from a
population previously regarded as susceptible - Pre-existing condition, magnified by repeated use
of same herbicide
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6Materials Methods
- Seed collected in Washington County, 10/2000 by
Mike Maurer, from fringe of treated guiderail
sites - Oust Velpar Karmex
7Materials Methods
- Planted 1/4 tsp of cleaned seed into 4 by 4 inch
pots, 2/15/01 - 5 pots per treatment
- Applied Pre treatments 2/15/01
- Applied Post treatments 3/23/01
- 40 GPA
8Materials MethodsPreemergence Treatments
- Untreated
- Oust 3 oz Surflan 3 qt
- Arsenal 3 pts Pendulum 3.3E 4.8 qt
- Karmex 8 lb Hyvar X 5 lb
- Plateau 12 oz Spike 80W 4 lb
- Milestone 10 oz Velpar DF 2.7 lb
- Endurance 1.5 lb Simazine 4L 2 qt
9Materials MethodsPostemergence Treatments
- Untreated Vista 1 pt
- 2,4-D amine 34 oz Transline 1 pt
- Telar 1 oz Tordon K 1 qt
- Escort 1 oz Arsenal 1 pt
- Vanquish 1.5 pt Velpar DF 1.3 lb
- Garlon 3A 1 qt Accord 2 qt
10Results - Preemergence
- Oust 3 oz 71
- Arsenal 3 pt 94
- Karmex 8 lb 100
- Plateau 12 oz 93
- Milestone 10 oz 100
- Endurance 1.5 lb 24
- Surflan 3 qt 94
- Pendulum 4.8 qt 80
- Hyvar X 5 lb 100
- Spike 80 W 4 lb 100
- Velpar DF 2.7 lb 100
- Simazine 4L 2 qt 99
Control Rated 5/1/01 untreated 0
LSD19
11Results - Preemergence
- Oust 3 oz 71
- Arsenal 3 pt 94
- Karmex 8 lb 100
- Plateau 12 oz 93
- Milestone 10 oz 100
- Endurance 1.5 lb 24
- Surflan 3 qt 94
- Pendulum 4.8 qt 80
- Hyvar X 5 lb 100
- Spike 80 W 4 lb 100
- Velpar DF 2.7 lb 100
- Simazine 4L 2 qt 99
Control Rated 5/1/01 untreated 0
LSD19
12Results - Postemergence
Control Rated 5/1/01 untreated 0
LSD19
- 2,4-D amine 1.1 qt 34
- Telar 1 oz 6
- Escort 1 oz 82
- Vanquish 1.5 pt 99
- Garlon 3A 1 qt 34
- Vista 1 pt 82
- Transline 1 pt 4
- Tordon K 1 qt 4
- Arsenal 1 pt 50
- Velpar DF 1.3 lb 94
- Accord 2 qt 34
13Results - Postemergence
Control Rated 5/1/01 untreated 0
LSD19
- 2,4-D amine 1.1 qt 34
- Telar 1 oz 6
- Escort 1 oz 82
- Vanquish 1.5 pt 99
- Garlon 3A 1 qt 34
- Vista 1 pt 82
- Transline 1 pt 4
- Tordon K 1 qt 4
- Arsenal 1 pt 50
- Velpar DF 1.3 lb 94
- Accord 2 qt 34
14Results - Postemergence
Control Rated 5/1/01 untreated 0
LSD19
- 2,4-D amine 1.1 qt 34
- Telar 1 oz 6
- Escort 1 oz 82
- Vanquish 1.5 pt 99
- Garlon 3A 1 qt 34
- Vista 1 pt 82
- Transline 1 pt 4
- Tordon K 1 qt 4
- Arsenal 1 pt 50
- Velpar DF 1.3 lb 94
- Accord 2 qt 34
15Summary
- Washington County kochia selection not
controlled by - Pre
- Oust (same result in 5-0 in 1999)
- Endurance
- Pendulum
- Post
- 2,4-D
- Telar
- Garlon 3A
- Transline
- Tordon K
- Arsenal
- Accord
16Summary
- Kochia locations observed to date
- Northampton
- Lackawanna
- Luzerne
- Centre
- Perry
- Dauphin
- Washington
- Not a systematic survey
17Summary
- Current Bareground Herbicides
- Karmex Pre
- Hyvar X (Krovar I) Pre
- Arsenal Pre only
- Surflan Pre
- Velpar DF Pre and Post
- Vanquish Post
18Effect of Herbicide Treatment and Application
Timing on Control of Poison Hemlock
- Art Gover, Jon Johnson, and Larry Kuhns
- Penn State/PennDOT Roadside Research Project
- Department of Horticulture
19Problem
- Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), a biennial
(Apiaceae), is spreading along PA roadsides, and
is acutely toxic. We have observed operational
applications made at late bolt or bloom stage
that have resulted in development of herbicide
symptoms, but that did not appear to provide
complete control. - We have also observed applications using growth
regulator type herbicides that have been
injurious to crownvetch groundcover.
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24Objectives
- Compare three spring application timings for two
herbicide treatments to determine optimal
application window for poison hemlock growing in
grass or crownvetch groundcovers.
25Materials and Methods
- Application Timings
- Rosette Apr 27, 2001
- Early bolt May 11, 2001
- Early bloom June 4, 2001
- Herbicide Treatments
- Garlon 3A Vanquish 24 24 oz/ac
- Velpar DF 21 oz/ac
26Materials and Methods
- RCBD, 3 reps
- 6 by 15 ft plots
- CO2 powered hand held boom
- 30 gal/ac, XR 8004 tips, 20 psi
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30Results
- Control rated on August 21, 2001
- Control plants were 3 to 7 ft
- 50 to 75 seed shatter
31Results
- Garlon 3A Vanquish
- 100 control at all three timings
- Velpar DF
- 47, 48, and 100 control at rosette, early bolt,
and early bloom, respectively
32Summary
- Garlon 3A Vanquish
- Not timing dependent
- Velpar DF
- Early bloom timing effective, same time as Canada
thistle applications
33Future
- Investigate role of carrier volume with Velpar
application to determine if application window
can be extended to an earlier start date - Waiting until bloom stage is not desirable
34Differential Response of Japanese Knotweed and
Giant Knotweed to Herbicide Treatments
- A.E. Gover, J.M. Johnson, and L.J. Kuhns
- Roadside Vegetation Management Project
- Department of Horticulture
- The Pennsylvania State University
35Objectives
- Describe experiences in managing these two
different knotweed species on roadside sites - Japanese knotweed Polygonum cuspidatum
- giant knotweed Polygonum sachalinense
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39Comparison of Rehabiliatation Sequences for
Japanese and Sakhalin Knotweed Infestations
- A.E. Gover, J.M. Johnson, and L.J. Kuhns
- Roadside Vegetation Management Project
- Department of Horticulture
- The Pennsylvania State University
40Materials and Methods
Sequence Primary Follow-up Seeding
- S/P/F leaf-out late summer e. spring
- Doylestown 4/30/98 8/31/98 4/6/98
- Etna 5/14/98 9/1/98 4/15/98
- PS/F leaf-out late summer leaf-out
- Doylestown 4/30/98 8/31/98 4/30/98
- Etna 5/14/98 9/1/98 5/14/98
- P/F/S leaf-out late summer late summer
- Doylestown 4/30/98 8/31/98 9/14/98
- Etna 5/14/98 9/1/98 9/15/98
- P/S/F2 late summer spring year 2 late summer
- Doylestown 8/31/98 6/10/99 9/14/98
- Etna 9/1/98 6/24/99 9/15/98
41Results-Giant Knotweed
- 8/99 8/99 8/00 8/00
- Fescue POLSA Fescue POLSA
- SEQ Cover Cover Cover Cover
- S/P/F 60 7 91 1
- PS/F 61 7 93 0
- P/F/S 70 7 89 0
- P/S/F2 18 3 60 16
- LSD (.05) 27 n.s. 12 8
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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43Japanese Knotweed
- Techniques used for giant knotweed control have
consistently failed when used against Japanese
knotweed
44Japanese Knotweed StudyObjectives
- Evaluate three spring-applied, Transline-based
herbicide treatments for - Control of Japanese knotweed
- Effect on establishment of a fine fescue mixture
seeded same day as herbicide treatment
45Materials and Methods
- May 5, 2000
- Knotweed up to 4 ft high
- Herbicide treatments
- Transline Roundup Pro 16 128 oz/ac
- Transline Vanquish 16 64 oz/ac
- Transline Tordon K 16 48 oz/ac
- Applied at 40 gal/ac
46Materials and Methods
- Seed Mixture
- hard fescue 55 lb/ac
- creeping red fescue 35 lb/ac
- annual ryegrass 10 lb/ac
- Broadcast seeded
47Results Canopy Reduction - Sep 6, 2000
- Canopy
- Treatment Reduction
- Transline Roundup Pro 33
- Transline Vanquish 63
- Transline Tordon K 73
48Results
- No grass mixture establishment
- Injury limited to stunting, growth abnormalities
- Little stem necrosis
- Flowering and seed set in all plots
- In 2001, no visible sign of growth differences
between knotweed treated in 2000, and previously
untreated knotweed
49SummaryGiant Knotweed
- Top growth readily killed by any of several
herbicides - Successful establishment of cool-season grasses
with various approaches, even when seeded prior
to control
50SummaryJapanese Knotweed
- Spring-applied systemic herbicides ineffective
- To date, unable to establish cool- or
warm-season grass mixtures prior to controlling
Japanese knotweed
51Management RecommendationsJapanese Knotweed
- Mow first growth flush (Jun 1)
- Reduce height - ease of application
- Reduce energy reserves
- Treat regrowth (Jul 1)
- Retreat regrowth (Sep 1)
52Effect of Spring-Applied Velpar on Japanese
Knotweed
- A.E. Gover, J.M. Johnson, J.F. Henry, L.J. Kuhns
- Department of Horticulture
- The Pennsylvania State University
53Background
- Spring-applied systemic herbicides have
consistently failed to provide control of
Japanese knotweed
54Objective
- Determine if Velpar (hexazinone) applied in the
spring will provide early season knock-down - Hexazinone characteristics
- Not phloem-mobile - only moves up in plants
- Soil activity - burn down plus suppression?
55Materials Methods
- Initiated 6/5/01
- Treatments
- Cut only
- Cut Velpar soil treatment
- Velpar foliar treatment
56Materials Methods
- Velpar DF at 42oz/100 gal
- Qwikwet at 0.1 v/v
- Motorized backpack
- GunJet 30, 5500 Adjustable ConeJet, X-12
57Materials Methods
- Knotweed 5 to 7 ft tall
- Cut to 4 to 10 inches tall
58Materials Methods
- Rep 1
- Applied average of 310 GPA, 6.2 lb ai/ac
- Rep 2
- Applied average of 130 GPA, 2.6 lb ai/ac
- Failed to distinguish between soil and foliar
treatment volumes - Applied less to soil than foliage
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66Future Research
- Evaluate Velpar DF at 21 oz/ac, at Canada thistle
timing to determine if species can be treated
during same window - Evaluate other contact herbicides, such as
Derringer (Finale) for early season knockdown of
Japanese knotweed