Inorganic Molecules

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Inorganic Molecules

• Are molecules that do not contain carbon
• There are some exceptions
• Are usually small and have ionic or covalent bonds

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Inorganic Molecules Lecture
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Examples of Inorganic Molecules
O2 CO2 H2O HCO3- H2CO3 NaCl KCl NaOH HCl
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Organic Molecules

• Are molecules that contain carbon
• Are large and complex
• Have covalent bonds

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Examples of Organic Molecules
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)
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Gases

• Oxygen (O2)
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

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Oxygen Needed for Cellular Respiration
6 O2
C6H12O6
? 6CO2 6H20 36 ATP
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Carbon Dioxide is a Waste Product of Cellular
Respiration
C6H12O6 6 O2 ? 6CO2 6H20 36 ATP
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Water

• Most abundant molecule in the cell and on Earth!
• Cells made up of 70-95 water

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Fluids In and Around Cells

• Intracellular Fluid (cytosol)
• Extracellular Fluid (interstitial fluid and
  plasma)

Cell
Blood Vessel
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Water Is an Excellent Solvent (for polar and
ionic molecules)
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Water Repels Nonpolar Molecules
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Water Has a High Heat Capacity
Water absorbs and releases lots of heat before it
significantly changes temperature Temp
Homeostasis!
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Water Has High Heat of Vaporization
Water absorbs lots of heat before it changes from
liquid to gas
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Water Is an Essential Reactant in Hydrolysis
Reactions
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Water Is a Good Lubricant
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Water Provides Cushion
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Water Has Tendency to Ionize
H20 ? H OH-
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Inorganic Acids and Bases

• Certain molecules dissociate into ions when they
  are placed in water
• Acids
• Bases

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ACID Substance that dissociates in water and
INCREASES the H ion concentration
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BASE Substance that dissociates in water and
DECREASES the H ion concentration
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pH

• Is a measure of the H concentration
• Impt H ions are extremely reactive
• Most enzymes only work at certain pHs.

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pH Scale
Acidic Solution
Neutral Solution
Basic Solution
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Measuring pH in lab
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Buffers Prevent changes in pH

• Bicarbonate buffer is common in humans
• CO2 H20 lt---gt H2CO3 lt---gt H HCO3-
• If add acid
• H HCO3- ---gt H2CO3
• If add base
• H2CO3 ---gt H2O CO2

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Salts
Dissolve into cations and anions, neither of
which is H or OH-
KCl H2O ? K Cl-
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Electrolytes
Salts whose ions conduct electrical currents
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Examples of Electrolytes

• NaCl
• NaHCO3
• KCl
• MgCl2
• CaCl2

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Functions of Electrolytes
lt---gt