North China Water Quality Study Program

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North China Water Quality Study Program
??????
?????????????
??????
Water Utility Performance Study
??? ?? Dr. Jinsong Zhang
?????(??)???????? Chief Engineer of Shenzhen
Water GROUP ???????????? PhD Supervisor ,
Harbin Institute of Technology
June , 2005
2
????
Methodology
????????14?????? Regions14 Provinces/Municipalit
ies in Northern China
??????,?????? Cities Scales and Classical Cities
????
Survey
????
Investigation
??????
???????
????????
??????
?????????
????????
????????????
????????
Investment Analysis and Prediction
Performance Benchmarking System
?????? Key Issues
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???? Regions and Categories
Tianjin

• The studies were performed in northern China
  along with both in 14 Provinces/municipalities
• ?????????????14?/???

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???? City Scales
5
???? Investigated Cities

• The investigations were performed in 10 cities
  of northern China and Shenzhen for comparison.
  ???????????????10???,????????

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???? Data Source and Quality

• Websites
• ??

• Statistical Yearbook
• ????

• Field investigation ????

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???????????

Investment Analysis and Prediction

• PERIOD ??
• ? 19962003 Historical Analysis
• 19962003 ????
• ? 20052010 Prediction
• 20052010 ??
• INVESTMENT ??
• ? Distribution Provinces, City scale
• ????,????
• ? Investment Source
• ??
• ? Investment Destination Raw
  water,WTP,Network
• ?? ??,??,??

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?????? Historical Investment Analysis

• 14 provinces
• 14???

Shandong Jiangsu Liaoning Hebei Beijing Henan Heil
ongjiang Inner mongolia Hubei Shannxi JIlin Shanxi
Anhui Tianjin
Sum 57.6 billion ??576?
Investment ????
Inner mongolia liaoning Jiangsu Beijing Heibei Sha
nnxi Shandong Heilongjiang Jilin Tianjin Henan Sha
nxi Anhui Hubei
Annual per Capita Investment ????????
AVE 53
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?????? Historical Investment Analysis

• 4 city scales ????

AVE 53
Large
Super Large
Medium
Small
Investment Ratio ????
Annual per Capita Investment (RMB) ??????(?)
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?????? Historical Investment Analysis

• Investment source Destination ??????

• History Government bonds and local financial
  appropriations, domestic loans and self-raised
  funds added up to over 80 of the total
  investments.
• ??????????????????????????,????????80???
• Future More foreign and private capital will be
  invested.
• ????????????????????

• Projects Survey (??????)
• Regression Investment ? Capacity, Length
• ?????????????,????
• Comprehensive Unit Prices (??????)

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• ???????? Methodology of Investment
  Prediction

?????? Future Investment Prediction
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?????? Future Investment Prediction

• Water Supply keeps stable ??????

• Domestic water (?????)
• Correlation Analysis with urban population
  ?????(???????)

• Industrial water (?????)
• 10,000 RMB output water consumption
  (????????)
• Elastic coefficient (?????)

23.4
21.9
21.9
Industry ??
8.25
21.2
9.78
Domestic ??
13.65
12.12
Unit Billion m3
2003
2010
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?????? Future Investment Prediction

• High Supply/Demand Ratio ?????

Average S/D ratio almost reaches 2.0 ???????2.0
?????????
Public supplier S/D ratio
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?????? Future Investment Prediction

• Groundwater Protection ?????

• Stringent policies ????
• Water Diversion Project??????

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?????? Future Investment Prediction

• Newly installed capacity
• ??????

• The Scenarios are divided according to
  Self-built wells closing and Groundwater
  reduction proportion in cities covered by SNWD
  projects.
• ????????????????????????????????

Number of cities
Installed capacities (104 m3/d)
Case
203
1321.3
High
192
1100.7
Base
179
903.8
Low
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?????? Future Investment Prediction

• Total Investment 61.1 Billion RMB
• ???611??

Small 15
Raw Water
WTP
2.6
24.0
Medium 16
Super Large 51
Large 18
Network
73.3
Investment in 4 types of cities ????????
Investment destination ????
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?????? Future Investment Prediction
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????????
Determination of Research Contents
Experts Suggestion
Indicator Screening and Definition
Indicator Screening and Definition
Methodology of Performance Benchmarking System
Performance System Frame
Case Study of Shenzhen
Modificated Indicator and Questionnaire
Five Cities Field Investigation
Evaluation of Indicator
Experts Suggestion
No
Modification
Step3
Yes
Other 5 Cities Field Investigation
Data Analysis and Reacquirement
Data Verification?
Data Verification?
No
Experts Suggestion
Step4
Yes
System Establishment
Result Analysis
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?????? ??????????
Performance
Benchmarking System for WS
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?????? ??????????
Performance
Benchmarking System for WS
General Information ????
Service Area ????
Staff ????
Water Service ????
Financial Information ????
Tariff Information ????
Customer Relations ????
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?????? ??????????
Performance
Benchmarking System for WS

• Coverage ?????

• Water Consumption Production ???????

• Non-revenue Water ???

• Metering Practices ????

• Pipe Network Performance ????

• Cost Staff ?????????

• Quality of Service ????

• Billings Collections ???????

• Financial Performance ????

• Capital Investment ????

• Need of New Resource ????

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?????? ????????
Performance Analysis for WSE
Average non revenue water ??????22.54 Average Mobilisation of Water Utilities ???????66.58
Average Coverage of Water Supply ????? 85.17 Average Population Served by one Household ???????? 25.77 persons
Average Pipe Breaks ?????? 1.92 breaks/km/year Average Population Served by one Household ???????? 25.77 persons
Average Operating cost coverage ????? 1.24 Average collection duration ????? 43 days
Average Operating cost coverage ????? 1.24 Collection Ratio????? 90.26
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?????? ??????????
Guideline for Performance Benchmarking System
Comprehensive assessment on performance
benchmarking system
Preliminary application of the performance system
Suggestions on the implementation of performance
Benchmarking system
Adjustment of indicators
Benchmarking establishment
System arrangement
Current and long-term layout
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??????? Excessive Exploitation of
Groundwater
?????? Identification of Key issues

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????? Private Wells
?? City ?? Handan ?? Weifang ?? Jiaozuo ??? Shijiazhuang ?? Anshan
??Number 326 123 250 502 958
PROBLOMS

• ??????? Excessive exploitation of groundwater
• ???????? Water quality lack of testing
• ???????? Effect on water supply enterprises
• ?????? Little awareness of water-saving

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???? Pollution of Water Source
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???????? High Ratio of Supply/Demand

• This rate of utility utilization in 60 cities
  is dropping
• 6?????????????????

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????? Non-revenue Water

• Reasons ??
• --- loss in pipes
• ????

• --- free for public use
• ????????

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??
water price

• Water Resources Price
• ????

• Tap Water Price
• ????

7 cities lt 2.0
Wasting water

• low Price

0.1

• 2000-2003,Water Resources Price were remain
  unchanged in 80 investigated cities
• 2000-2003, 80????????????????

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?? Conclusions

• ???????????????????????
• The water supply volume in northern regions has
  reached a stable stage. It will grows at a slower
  pace or even witness a decline in the coming
  several years.
• ?????????????????????????,???????????????????????
  ?
• The unused water supply facilities caused huge
  waste of resources, and shutting down the
  self-built wells is a key factor which will
  influence the future investment.
• ?????????????????
• More and more investment will go to pipe network
  in the future.

(To be continued)
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?? Conclusions

• ????????????????????????????????,????????????????
  ??
• The designed performance benchmarking system for
  water utilities could be preliminarily applied in
  China. However, some indicators are also waiting
  for improvement.
• ?????????????????,?????????????????????
• Performance analysis result shows WSE has low
  operational efficiency and service quality and
  there are still some WSE in indebted operation.
• ????????????????????????
• Key issues water pollution is serious
  groundwater is excessively exploited tariff is
  low.

(To be continued)
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??
Suggestions

• ???????,???????????
• More scientific measures must be adopted to
  estimate water demand to avoid high prediction.
• ?????????????,???????????
• In the future, the management of self-built water
  must be strengthened especially self-built wells,
  which trigger series of problems affecting the
  eco-environment, water quality and effective
  management
• ???????????????,???????????
• Efforts should be strengthened on upgrade and
  replacement of pipe networks so as to improve the
  quality of water at the end of consumers.

(To be continued)
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??
Suggestions

• ???????????
• Rationalizing the relationship between the
  government and enterprises. The initial step is
  to further transfer government functions. The
  second step is to improve decision-making
  mechanism. Third, it is also necessary to
  establish the external supervision system.
• ??????????????
• WSE should promote their management level
  including improving operation efficiency, service
  quality and collection ratio of tariff, reducing
  cost and consummating statistic and management
  system.

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THANK YOU !