Sudan Report on Malaria Vector control and other V'B'Ds Prepared by Mr:Siddiq Mohd Ismael'

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Sudan Report on Malaria Vector control and other
V.B.Ds Prepared by MrSiddiq Mohd Ismael.

• Inter Country Workshop for Developing a Regional
  Strategy for Integrated Management for Malaria
  Vectors and other Vector-Borne DiseasesKhartoum-S
  udan21-23-Jan-003

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Major Vectors-borne diseases in Sudan

• Malaria
• Lieshmaniasis
• Lymphatic filariasis
• Onchocerciasis
• Trypanosomiasis
• Loa Loa
• Others
• Yellow fever

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Major Vectors and their distributionMalaria
vectors

• An. arabiensis
• Dry savanna,semi-arid parts.
• An. funestus
• South of 13 latitude, South south-east.
• An. gambiae
• South of Sudan.
• Others
• An. pharoensis, An.nili, An. rufipes.

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Major Vectors and their distributionLeishmaniasis
vectors

• Phelobotomus orientalis
• Gadarif, Upper Nile, Sinnar Blue Nile unity
  states
• Phelobotomus palpalis
• Desert Savanna areas.

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Major Vectors and their distribution
Onchcerciasis vectors

• Simulium Spp
• S. damnosum
• S. sirbanum
• Abu Hamad, Atbara river, B.Nile, Bahr el Gazal
  Bahr el Arab areas.

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Major Vectors and their distribution
Trypansomiasis vectors

• (Glosina spp)
• Glosina palpalis
• Glosina moristans.
• Glosina fuscipes.
• Forests areas in the south

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Major Vectors and their distribution Filariasis
vectors

• Loaisis vector
• - Chrysopes trasmite.
• Chrysopes dimiliata.
• Southern and eastern parts.
• Elephantiasis vector
• Culex conqefaciatus.
• - Southern parts.

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Major Vectors and their distributionYellow
fever vectors

• Aedes samsoni.
• Aedes aegypti.
• Southern B.Nile (Fung area) Noba mountains areas.

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Major Vectors and their distributionMechanical
transmitters

• Musca domestica All Sudan
• Chrysomia bizziana
• Calliphora spp
• Concentrated in southern forests.

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Major Interventions carried out for Vector
Control in Sudan

• Mechanical control (1904)
• Screening of houses / siting
• Larviciding
• IHRS
• Fogging (aerial spraying)
• Biological control (Blue Nile Project)
• ITNs

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Insecticides used and methods of application in
Sudan
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Insecticides used and methods of application in
Sudan
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ITNs in Sudan

• ? Introduced in 1995.
• 587.533 ITNs distributed up to now.
• Provided by WHO, Unicef and SDB.
• Re- impregnation
• Efficacious for malaria vector control (1995
  97)
• 16 of pregnant women use ITNs (NMCP 2000)

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Entomological surveillance

• There are 78 sentinel sites for entomological
  survey.
• There are 17 stations for monitoring insecticides
  resistance .
• Weekly records .
• NMCP evaluation and supervisory visits .

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IVM Assets

• Blue Nile Health Project (1980s)
• Co-existence of diseases
• Malaria, leishmaniasis, LF and Onchocerciasis
• Personnel
• Equipments
• High level committment

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IVM Challenges

• Irrational application
• Lack of sustainability
• Poor entomological surveillance system
• Lack of well-trained staff
• Insecticides resistance (DDT/ Malathione)
• Poor sanitation
• Weak public participation.
• Limited resources

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Recommendations

• Building capacity for IVM
• Improving vector surveillance system
• Applied researches
• Strict to cost-effective interventions
• Availing ITNs (private)
• Inter-sectoral collaboration
• Involvement of CBOs
• IEC
• Implementing pilot project for malaria, leish.
  And LF

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Thanks

• MrSiddiq Mohd Ismael
• IVM Sudan
• January 2003