Design for Engineering Unit 5 Technological Systems Annette Beattie August 4, 2006 Technological Systems

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Design for EngineeringUnit 5 Technological
SystemsAnnette BeattieAugust 4, 2006
Technological Systems

• ETP 2006 Annette Beattie
• This material is based upon work supported by the
  National Science Foundation under Grant No.
  0402616. Any opinions, findings and conclusions
  or recommendations expressed in this material are
  those of the author(s) and do not necessarily
  reflect the view of the National Science
  Foundation (NSF).

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Technological Systems

• Each has 4 elements
• Inputs
• Process
• Output
• Feedback
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Inputs

• There are 7 types of resources that provide
  input
• People
• Materials natural, synthetic, raw, industrial
• Tools and machines measuring, layout,
  separating, forming, and combining
• Energy inexhaustible, renewable and
  nonrenewable (examples heat, light, sound,
  chemical, nuclear, mechanical, and electrical)
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Inputs

• 7 types cont
• Time
• Capital money, land, structures and equipment
• Information
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Universal Systems Model

• Applied to cleaning up the Tech Ed room
• People the teacher and students
• Information explanation by teacher of what
  needs to be done and how to do it
• Materials tools and equipment to be put away
  that were used during class
• Tools and machines broom, dustpans, shop vac
• Energy both human and electrical power
• Capital money from school to purchase
  materials, tools, machines
• Time the rime required to get the job done
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Process

• Its what happens to the inputs
• All the activities that need to take place for
  the system to give the desired result
• A series of actions directed to an end
• The inputs are combined by means of management
  and production.
• Managing planning, organizing, and controlling
• Production the actual making of the product
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Process

• Primary process process used to convert raw
  materials into industrial materials
• Secondary process process used to convert
  industrial material into finished products
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Process

• Back to Tech Ed cleanup system
• Teacher manages the process
• Production takes place in that a clean room is
  being produced
• If managing is poor, the output will be poor
• The process includes
• All the actions performed by the people
• Tools or machines
• Rest of the resources electricity, lighting,
  etc.
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Outputs

• The resulting product of inputs and processes
• Everything that results
• Intended outputs
• Nonintended ex. waste (pollution) or changes in
  society (communicating thru e-mails)
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Outputs

• Outputs can be
• Desirable
• Undesirable
• Expected
• Unexpected
• The output of our cleanup system
• Clean, safe, organized room
• Clouds of dust
• Lost teaching time
• Wear and tear on the equipment
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Feedback

• The reaction to the inputs, process, and outputs
• They serve to reinforce or alter the elements of
  the system
• Cleanup example
• Feedback the next class coming into the room
• If they complain or trip over equipment left out,
  the system would have to be improved.
• Feedback becomes an input into the system
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Feedback Example

• Driver wants the car to go 30 mph
• She provides input by stepping on the gas pedal
• The car processes the input to go 30 mph, which
  is the output
• Feedback is given by the speedometer a monitor
• A monitor lets us compare the actual result to
  the desired result
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Feedback

• Instrumentation helps us control the system by
  providing information
• Open loop control system human intervention
  is required (car example)
• Closed loop control system the computer or
  control device gathers the information and makes
  adjustments according to its programming
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Problem solving review

• Define the problem
• Gather information
• Choose a solution
• Test your idea
• Evaluate the results
• Retry
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Universal Systems Model

• Input
• Process
• Output
• Feedback
• (VCSU, 2006)

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Compare the two

• Problem solving steps
• Define the problem
• Gather information
• Choose a solution
• Test the idea
• Evaluate the results
• Retry

• Universal systems model
• Input
• Process
• Output
• Feedback

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Communication System

• Conference
• Line up speaker
• Register
• Attend conference
• Gain knowledge
• Fill out evaluation

Universal systems model Input Process Output
Feedback
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Transportation System

Subway People Energy materials Moves under
ground Along rails People transported Depleted
energy Was it successful? Could it be faster?
Universal systems model Input Process Output
Feedback
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Manufacturing Example

747 Cargo panel Punch machine, people paint,
sheet metal, b/print Cut to length, holes
punched, assembled, chemically treated, run thru
paint Panel that fits in 747, waste Paychecks,
improved economy Inspection, design
improvements, JIT shipping,
Universal systems model Input Process Output
Feedback
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Medical System

Pharmaceuticals Symptoms, Allergies,
cost Writing prescription, Filling
prescription Taking the medicine Symptoms
relieved Health improved, Side effects Feel
better, Checkup is good
Universal systems model Input Process Output
Feedback
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Systems

• The building blocks of technology!
• Definition of technology again the innovation,
  change, or modification of the natural
  environment to satisfy perceived human needs and
  wants. (ITEA, 2000) (VCSU, 2006)
• Someone tell me why they think systems are the
  building blocks of technology. (Think inputs,
  processes, outputs, feedback)

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Systems Engineering

• Systems Engineering integrates all of the
  engineering disciplines and specialty groups into
  a unified, team effort, forming a structured
  development process that proceeds from
• concept
• to production
• to operation
• and, in some cases, to termination and disposal
• (System Engineering, 2006)

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Systems Engineering

• Systems Engineering considers both the business
  and the technical needs of all customers with the
  goal of providing a quality product that meets
  the user needs. (System Engineering, 2006)

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Systems Engineering

• The systems engineering role may have originated
  as the lead or project engineer who was assigned
  principal responsibility for orchestrating large
  and complex engineering programs, and as the
  single point of reference responsible for the
  entire engineering activity preferred by the
  United States Government on its large programs.
  (System Engineering, 2006)

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Systems Engineering

• However, systems engineering quickly became
  synonymous with the overarching responsibility
  for development of the complete end product
  (hardware, software, services) and enabling
  products (e.g., the 'systems' that produce and
  test the target system). This role has
  increasingly expanded, until the present, when it
  is also responsible for the interface between the
  complete device and the user. (System
  Engineering, 2006)

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Systems Engineering

• The role of the system engineer is especially
  important when systems must have especially
  predictable and reliable behavior. For example,
  power plants (especially nuclear), medical
  machinery, and spacecraft usually consist of many
  individually engineered and manufactured parts,
  by different companies. (System Engineering,
  2006)

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Systems Engineering

• System engineering provides the assurance that
  normal operations, including parts failures, will
  not provide a hazard for the user or anyone else
  in the community.
• The application of systems engineering processes
  may also result in significant cost savings, as
  well as providing a reasonable (up-front)
  assurance of the eventual success of the project.
  
• (System Engineering, 2006)

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Systems Engineering

• The following link is humorous take on the job of
  a system engineer
• http//www.gmu.edu/departments/seor/insert/story/s
  tory1.html

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Systems Engineering

• System engineering prepares you to be the leader
  amongst other engineers.
• The following web site charts salary potential
• http//www.gmu.edu/departments/seor/insert/intro/i
  ntrosal.html
• (System Engineering, 2006)

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Sources

• System Engineering. (2006, August 4). In
  Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
  August 4, 2006, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
  Systems_EngineerSystems_engineering_education
• Valley City State University. (2006). Unit 5
  Design For Engineering Reading Assignment
  Technology Systems. Retrieved July 20, 2006 from
  the website http//www.vcsu.edu

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Standards

• Standard 2 Students will develop an
  understanding of the core concepts of
  technology.o 2.W Systems thinking applies
  logic and creativity with appropriate compromises
  in complex real-life problems.o 2.X Systems,
  which are the building blocks of technology, are
  embedded within larger technological, social, and
  environmental systems.o 2.YThe stability of a
  technological system is influenced by all of the
  components in the system, especially those in the
  feedback loop.o 2.FF Complex systems have many
  layers of controls and feedback loops to provide
  information.Standard 6 Students will develop
  an understanding of the core concepts of
  technology.o 6.I A number of different
  factors, such as advertising, the strength of the
  economy, the goals of a company, and the latest
  fads contribute to shaping the design of and
  demand for various technologies.