Atoms Periodic Table Review

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Atoms/ Periodic Table Review
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• All matter is made up of atoms. Atoms are often
  referred to as the BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER.
• What are the building blocks of all living
  things?
• The cell

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The Structure of the Atom

• 1. The center of the atom is the Nucleus
• 2. There are two particles inside the nucleus
• Proton-positive particle
• Neutron- particle with NO charge it is neutral
• 3. There is one type of particle that moves
  around the nucleus
• Electron- has a NEGATIVE charge
• 4. There are different Energy Levels/Clouds that
  surround the nucleus and contain electrons.

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Atom

• Electron

Energy Cloud
Proton
Neutron
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How to read the Periodic Table

• 1. The number of PROTONS is ALWAYS equal to the
  number of ELECTRONS
• 2. To find the weight or mass of the atom, you
  must add together what is in the nucleus The
  PROTON NEUTRON Atomic Mass

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?

• You will never see the word Proton, Neutron or
  Electron on the Periodic Table so how do you
  figure out these numbers?

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IMPORTANT!!!

• ATOMIC NUMBER PROTON ELECTRON
• ALL THREE ARE THE SAME
• To find Atomic Mass
• ATOMIC NUMBER/PROTON/ELECTRON NEUTRON
  ATOMIC MASS
• To find the number of Neutrons
• ATOMIC MASS ATOMIC NUMBER NEUTRON

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III. Structure of the Periodic Table

• On the periodic table, the elements are arranged
  from Left to Right in order of increasing atomic
  number. Each element in the tale is in a separate
  box. An atom of each element has one more proton
  and one more electron (remember they are the
  same) than an atom of the element to its left.
  Each horizontal row of the table is called a
  period.

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Look on page 672 in your text

• Changes in chemical properties of elements across
  a period correspond to changes in the electron
  arrangements of their atoms.
• Look at the periodic table and find Potassium.
  How many electrons does it have?

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• Look to its right, how many does calcium have?

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• Look to its right, how many does Scandium have?

Do you notice the trend? It goes up one number
every time you move to the right.
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• Each vertical column (up and down) is known as a
  group or family.

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• A group lists elements with similar properties.
  That is why they are also called a family. You
  have similar characteristics as YOUR family.

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• Find the elements Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton,
  Xenon and Radon. They all have similar properties
  and are known as the NOBLE GASES.

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• The number of electrons in the outer level
  determines what other elements it can bond with.
  Those elements in Group 1 have 1 electron in its
  outer level. Those in Group 2 have 2 electrons in
  their outer shell.