A Tool for DILIGENT Argumentation: Experiences, Requirements and Design

1
A Tool for DILIGENT ArgumentationExperiences,
Requirements and Design

• Michael Engler
• British Telecom plc.Research Venturing

Denny Vrandecic,York Sure AIFB
2
Motivation Legal Domain

• Problem
• New Judges have theoretical knowledge, but little
  practical knowledge
• On Duty
• When they are confronted with situations in which
  they are not sure what to do
• Disturb experienced judges with typical
  questions.
• Solution
• Design an intelligent system to help new judges
  with their typical problems.
• Extended FAQ system using Semantic Web
  technologies
• Connect the FAQ system with the exiting
  jurisprudence.
• Search Jurisprudence using Semantic Web
  technologies.
• ? Building a new ontology

3
First Approach

• Based on 800 competency questions
• Questions were clustered
• Middle-out strategy
• Usage of ontology not considered
• Repetitive discussions
• Long discussions

4
Improvements

• Usage of DILIGENT
• Speedier discussions
• Restriction of arguments
• Usage of a wiki
• Tracking of arguments
• Access from geographical dispersed locations

5
DILIGENT

• 1. Build
• 2. Local adaption
• 3. Analysis
• 4. Revision
• 5. Local update

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Diligent Argumentation Ontology

• Argumentation ontology defined
• Based on Case Studies to identify the most
  effective types of arguments
• Argument type recognition based on RST

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Improvements, but

• Visualisation in wiki not supported
• Lacking tool cooperation
• Management of sources harder
• Argument classification harder
• No tight integration in an ontology editor
• No notification
• (No voting)

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Design of DILIGENT-Tool

• Visualisation Idea sets
• Allows exploring alternative modelling
• Sources
• URIs, e.g. competency questions
• Arguments need to be classified
• Notification by IM or E-Mail
• Voting
• Quick way of expressing opinion
• Threshold?
• Final decision?

9
Connection to DILIGENT

• Supports the steps build, analysis, revision

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Workmodel
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Perspective of user Justine
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File Edit View Search Window Help
Tasks
Visualization
C
R
I
Common law
CQ315
CQ220
CQ237
Issues
Common law
guardianship
Issue
Sources
Ideas
agree
disagree
13
File Edit View Search Window Help
Tasks
Visualization
C
R
I
Common law
Task CQ315
CQ315
CQ220
Task
CQ315
CQ237
Assigned to
Justine
Sources
CQ315
open done postponed
Issues
Status
Issues
Common law
guardianship
Text
Create concepts, relations and instances from the
competency question CQ315
Issue
Sources
Ideas
ok
cancel
agree
disagree
14
File Edit View Search Window Help
Tasks
Visualization
C
R
I
Common law
CQ315
CQ220
CQ237
Issues
Common law
guardianship
Sources
Ideas
Issue
agree
CQ315
disagree
How are foreign marriages approved?
15
File Edit View Search Window Help
Tasks
Visualization
C
R
I
Common law
CQ315
CQ220
CQ237
New Issue
Issue
open postponed
Status
Issues
CQ315
Sources
Modeling primitives
Common law
guardianship
Text
Sources
Ideas
Issue
agree
CQ315
disagree
How are foreign marriages approved?
ok
cancel
16
File Edit View Search Window Help
Tasks
Visualization
C
R
I
Common law
CQ315
CQ220
CQ237
New Issue
Issue
Partnership
open postponed
Status
Issues
CQ315
Sources
Modeling primitives
Common law
guardianship
Text
We need to model partnership, and relations
between men and women in a partnership.
Sources
Ideas
Issue
agree
CQ315
disagree
How are foreign marriages approved?
ok
cancel
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File Edit View Search Window Help
Tasks
Visualization
C
R
I
Common law
CQ315
CQ220
CQ237
Issues
Common law
guardianship
Partnership
Sources
Ideas
Issue Partnership

Status under discussion
agree
Issue Justine We need to model partnership,
and relations between men and women with
partnership.
CQ315
disagree
How are foreign marriages approved?
Pro Justine
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File Edit View Search Window Help
Tasks
Visualization
C
R
I
Common law
CQ315
CQ220
CQ237
New Concept
Label
Comment
Synonyms
URI
Issues
Argumentation
Common law
guardianship
Partnership
Example
Sources
Ideas
Issue
agree
ok
cancel
Issue Justine We need to model partnership,
and relations between men and women with
partnership.
CQ315
disagree
How are foreign marriages approved?
Pro Justine
19
File Edit View Search Window Help
Tasks
Visualization
C
R
I
Common law
CQ315
CQ220
CQ237
New Concept
Label
Comment
Partnership
Synonyms
URI
http//www.law_ontology.de/Partnership
Issues
Argumentation
Common law
We need P as a more general concept because of
same-sex partnerships. They are not marriages.
guardianship
Partnership
Example
Sources
Ideas
Issue
agree
ok
cancel
Issue Justine We need to model partnership,
and relations between men and women with
partnership.
CQ315
disagree
How are foreign marriages approved?
Pro Justine
20
File Edit View Search Window Help
Tasks
Visualization
C
R
I
Common law
CQ315
CQ220
CQ237
Issues
Common law
guardianship
Partnership
Sources
Ideas
Issue Partnership
C Partnership
C Partnership
agree
pro Justine We need P as a general concept
because of same-sex unions. They cannot be
marriages.
CQ315
disagree
How are foreign marriages approved?
Pro Justine
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Perspective of user Jack
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File Edit View Search Window Help
Tasks
Visualization
C
R
I
Common law
Review Partnership
Review Citzenship
CQ819
Issues
Common law
guardianship
Partnership
Issue
Sources
Ideas
agree
disagree
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File Edit View Search Window Help
Visualization
Tasks
C
R
I
Common law
Review Partnership
Task Review Partnership
Review Citzenship
Task
CQ819
Review Partnership
Assigned to
Justine
Sources
CQ217
Issues
open done postponed
Status
Issues
Partnership
Common law
guardianship
Partnership
Text
Review issue and ideas.
Issue
Sources
Ideas
agree
ok
cancel
disagree
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File Edit View Search Window Help
Visualization
Tasks
C
R
I
Common law
Review Partnership
Review Citzenship
CQ819
Issues
Common law
guardianship
Partnership
Issue
Sources
Ideas
agree
disagree
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File Edit View Search Window Help
Visualization
Tasks
C
R
I
Common law
Review Partnership
Review Citzenship
CQ819
Issues
Common law
guardianship
Partnership
Sources
Ideas
Issue Partnership
C Partnership C Marriage is-a Partnersh C
Human C Man is-a Human C Woman is-a Human R
isMarriedIn C RegistredPartnership R isPartnerIn

Status under discussion
agree
Issue Justine We need to model partnership,
and relations between men and women with
partnership.
CQ315
disagree
How are foreign marriages approved?
Pro Justine
26
File Edit View Search Window Help
Visualization
Tasks
C
R
I
Common law
Review Partnership
Review Citzenship
CQ819
Issues
Common law
guardianship
Partnership
Sources
Ideas
Issue Partnership
C Partnership C Marriage is-a Partnersh C
Human C Man is-a Human C Woman is-a Human R
isMarriedIn C RegistredPartnership R isPartnerIn

Status under discussion
agree
CQ315
Issue Justine We need to model partnership,
and relations between men and women with
partnership.
disagree
How are foreign marriages approved?
Pro Justine
27
File Edit View Search Window Help
Visualization
Tasks
C
R
I
Common law
Review Partnership
Review Citzenship
CQ819
New Argument
Argument
Was already modeled in CQ801.
Issues
Common law
guardianship
Partnership
Classification
Pro
Example
Contra
ok
cancel
Sources
Ideas
Issue Partnership
C Partnership C Marriage is-a Partnersh C
Human C Man is-a Human C Woman is-a Human R
isMarriedIn C RegistredPartnership R isPartnerIn

Status under discussion
agree
CQ315
Issue Justine We need to model partnership,
and relations between men and women with
partnership.
disagree
How are foreign marriages approved?
Pro Justine
28
File Edit View Search Window Help
Visualization
Tasks
C
R
I
Common law
Review Partnership
Review Citzenship
CQ819
Issues
Common law
guardianship
Partnership
Sources
Ideas
Issue Partnership
C Partnership C Marriage is-a Partnersh C
Human C Man is-a Human C Woman is-a Human R
isMarriedIn C RegistredPartnership R isPartnerIn

Status under discussion
agree
Issue Justine We need to model partnership,
and relations between men and women with
partnership. con Jack Was already modeled
in CQ801.
CQ315
disagree
How are foreign marriages approved?
Pro Justine Con Jack
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Conclusion

• We found no off-the-shelf solution sufficient
• Design for a collaborative ontology engineering
  tool? using DILIGENT? using the DILIGENT
  argumentation model

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Future Work

• Automatic classification of arguments
• Automatic clustering of sources
• Agent participation in discussion
• Evaluate voting