COLLECTIVISATION

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COLLECTIVISATION
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WHATS GOING ON?
"We, the kolkhoz farmers, are liquidating the
kulaks as a class, on the basis of complete
collectivisation."
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(No Transcript)
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AIMS

• To understand what collectivisation was.
• To explore the reasons for collectivisation.
• To analyse sources and discover the human cost of
  collectivisation.
• To evaluate the success of collectivisation.

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THE PROBLEM

• Surplus food was needed for urban workers and for
  export.
• Industrialisation depended on agricultural
  production increasing.
• Once NEP was abandoned, collectivisation was seen
  as the solution.

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Efficiency
Mechanisation
Why Collectivise?
Grain collection
Socialism
Encourage new methods and techniques
Fewer peasants needed to work on the land
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WHY FORCED?

• Food shortages 1928-9.
• Kulaks.
• Peasants stranglehold on the economy.
• Foreign fears.
• Urban support.
• Move against Bukharin and the right.
• Move towards socialism.

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HOW DID IT HAPPEN?

• Force, terror propaganda.
• Class warfare liquidation of the kulaks as a
  class.
• Kulaks identified often erroneously.
• Many unwilling to identify others.
• Twenty-five Thousanders.
• Quotas for each area.
• Deportation, exile, Gulags, shootings.

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RESISTANCE

• Riots.
• Armed resistance.
• Crops, houses tools burned rather than handed
  over.
• Slaughter animals eat/sell meat.
• Female action most effective.
• Raids to recapture animals.

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THE HUMAN STORY

• Famine.
• Enterprising peasants shot or deported.
• Production disrupted.
• Animals slaughtered.

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TASK

• Read and note pages 158-164.
• Read and note handouts (Nove, pp.41-48 Carr,
  pp.153-163.)
• Read pages 164-170 on the human cost and complete
  the activities on p.167.

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WAS IT A SUCCESS?

• Use the whole of chapter 11.
• Find information for the four headings.1.
  Economic success.2. Economic failure.3.
  Political success.4. Human cost.

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EXAM QUESTION

• How effective was the collectivisation of farms
  in supporting Soviet industrialisation in the
  years 1928-1941? (20 marks)June, 2003

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HOW WOULD WE ANSWER?

• What information should we include?
• How would we structure the essay?
• Analyse the question for key words and a plan,
  etc.

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MARK SCHEME

• Look at the mark scheme how is it possible to
  progress through the levels?
• Underline the differences between the levels?
• Describe each level in a sentence.