Ontology Aware Software Service Agents: Meeting Ordinary User Needs on the Semantic Web

1
Ontology Aware Software Service Agents Meeting
Ordinary User Needs on the Semantic Web

• Muhammed Al-Muhammed

April 19, 2005
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The Challenge

• Reduce information overload
• Find and use services

I want to see a dermatologist next week any day
would be ok for me, at 400 p.m. The
dermatologist must be within 20 miles from my
home and must accept my insurance.
3
Thesis Statement

• Hypothesis it is possible to automate everyday
  tasks whose invocation results in establishing
  agreed-upon relationships in a domain ontology
• Validation proof-of-concept prototype

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Approach

• Task ontology
• Domain ontology
• Process ontology
• Characteristics
• Task specification Free-form text
• Request recognition find best task ontology
• Task execution
• Specialize task ontology processes
• Execute generated code

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Domain Ontology

• Components
• Object sets concepts
• Relationship sets
• Constraints
• Uses
• Task knowledge
• Task recognition

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Domain Ontology
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Domain Ontology

• Augmented with data frames
• A data frame defines information about a concept
• Its internal and external representation
• Its contextual keywords or phrases
• Operations along with contextual keywords or
  phrases

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Data Frames
Time textual representation (2-91012?)\s \s(0-5\d)\sAaPp\s \.?\s Mm\s \.?) end Distance internal representation real textual representation ((\d(\.\d)?)(\.\d)) context keywords/phrases miles mile kilometers Within(d1 Distance, d2 Distance) returns (Boolean) contextual keywords/phrases less than ? end
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Task Recognition

• A task domain determination
• Input a task specification, domain ontologies
• Output a marked domain ontology
• A domain-independent process

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Appointment context keywords/phrase
appointment want to see a Dermatologist
context keywords/phrases (Ddermatologist)

I want to see a dermatologist next week any day
would be ok for me, at 400 p.m. The
dermatologist must be within 20 miles from my
home and must accept my insurance.
11
Appointment context keywords/phrase
appointment want to see a Dermatologist
context keywords/phrases (Ddermatologist)

?
I want to see a dermatologist next week any day
would be ok for me, at 400 p.m. The
dermatologist must be within 20 miles from my
home and must accept my insurance.
12
Appointment context keywords/phrase
appointment want to see a Dermatologist
context keywords/phrases (Ddermatologist)

?
?
I want to see a dermatologist next week any day
would be ok for me, at 400 p.m. The
dermatologist must be within 20 miles from my
home and must accept my insurance.
13
Appointment context keywords/phrase
appointment want to see a Dermatologist
context keywords/phrases (Ddermatologist)

?
?
?
?
?
?
I want to see a dermatologist next week any day
would be ok for me, at 400 p.m. The
dermatologist must be within 20 miles from my
home and must accept my insurance.
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Appointment context keywords/phrase
appointment want to see a Dermatologist
context keywords/phrases (Ddermatologist)

Date NextWeek(d1 Date, d2 Date) returns
(Boolean) context keywords/phrases next week
week from now Distance internal
representation real textual representation
((\d(\.\d)?)(\.\d)) context keywords/phrases
miles mile kilometers Within(d1
Distance, 20) returns (Boolean) context
keywords/phrases within not more than ?
return (d1?d2) end
?
?
?
?
?
?
I want to see a dermatologist next week any day
would be ok for me, at 400 p.m. The
dermatologist must be within 20 miles from my
home and must accept my insurance.
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Process Ontology

• Process to execute tasks in a domain
• Statenet
• States
• Transitions, based on ECA rules

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Process Ontology
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Task Execution

• Domain-independent subprocesses
• Coded once
• Specialized for a domain
• A domain-dependent subprocess
• Fully determined (given the task specification
  and domain ontology)
• Automatically generated

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Task View Creation
?
?
?
?
?
?
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Task View Creation
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Creation of Additional Task Constraints
Date NextWeek(d1 Date, d2 Date) returns
(Boolean) context keywords/phrases next week
week from now end Distance internal
representation real textual representation
((\d(\.\d)?)(\.\d)) context
keywords/phrases miles mile kilometers
Within(d1 Distance, 20) returns
(Boolean) context keywords/phrases within not
more than ? return (d1?d2) end
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Creation of Additional Task Constraints
Task?imposed constraints NextWeek(d1 Date,
d2 Date) Person(x) is at Address(a1) and
Dermatologist(y) is at Address(a2) and
Within(DistanceBetween(a1, a2), 20) ? i2
(Dermatologist(y) accepts Insurance(i2 ) and
Equal(i1, i2))
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Obtaining Information from the System




Insurance
Dermatologist






Name






Address






Time
Date
-
gt




Appointment
400











Person



Task?imposed constraints NextWeek(d1 Date,
d2 Date) Person(x) is at Address(a1) and
Dermatologist(y) is at Address(a2) and
Within(DistanceBetween(a1, a2), 20) ? i2
(Dermatologist(y) accepts Insurance(i2 ) and
Equal(i1, i2))






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Obtaining Information from the System
Task?imposed constraints NextWeek(d1 Date,
d2 Date) Person(x) is at Address(a1) and
Dermatologist(y) is at Address(a2) and
Within(DistanceBetween(a1, a2), 20) ? i2
(Dermatologist(y) accepts Insurance(i2 ) and
Equal(i1, i2))
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Obtaining Information from the User
Task?imposed constraints NextWeek(d1 Date,
d2 Date) Person(x) is at Address(a1) and
Dermatologist(y) is at Address(a2) and
Within(DistanceBetween(a1, a2), 20) ? i2
(Dermatologist(y) accepts Insurance(i2 ) and
Equal(i1, i2))
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Obtaining Information from the User
Task?imposed constraints NextWeek(d1 Date,
d2 Date) Person(x) is at Address(a1) and
Dermatologist(y) is at Address(a2) and
Within(DistanceBetween(a1, a2), 20) ? i2
(Dermatologist(y) accepts Insurance(i2 ) and
Equal(i1, i2))
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Constraint Satisfaction
Task?imposed constraints NextWeek(d1 Date,
d2 Date) Person(x) is at Address(a1) and
Dermatologist(y) is at Address(a2) and
Within(DistanceBetween(a1, a2), 20) ? i2
(Dermatologist(y) accepts Insurance(i2 ) and
Equal(i1, i2))
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Constraint Satisfaction
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Constraint Satisfaction


















-
Task
imposed constraints


Pers
on(Person100) is at Address((Provo 300 State
St.) and


Dermatologist(Dermatologist0) is at
Address(Orem 600 State St.) and


Within(DistanceBetween(Provo 300 State St.,
Orem 600 State St.), 22)











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Negotiation


















-
Task
imposed constraints


Pers
on(Person100) is at Address((Provo 300 State
St.) and


Dermatologist(Dermatologist0) is at
Address(Orem 600 State St.) and


Within(DistanceBetween(Provo 300 State St.,
Orem 600 State St.), 22)











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Finalization
NextWeek(28 Dec 04, 5 Jan 05) Person(Person100
) is at Address(Provo 300 State St.) and
Dermatologist(Dermatologist0) is at Address(Orem
600 State St.) and Within(DistanceBetween(Pr
ovo 300 State St., Orem 600 State St.),
22) ? i2 (Dermatologist(Dermatologist0) accepts
Insurance(i2) and Equal(IHC, i2))
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Testing

• Black box testing
• Concept recognition
• Constraint recognition
• Domain recognition
• Execution performance
• White box testing for the processes of the
  system such as
• Negotiation
• Obtaining information from the user

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Delimitations

• Recognition and execution of complex tasks
• Compositional tasks
• Alternative tasks
• Conditional tasks
• Graphical or vocal specification of tasks

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Contributions

• Simplification of everyday task executionfind
  and use versus specify
• Automatic process generation for task execution
• Domain recognition and specialization
• Automatic information gathering from both system
  and user
• Constraint satisfaction
• Negotiation
• Prototype implementation