In(k)formation

1
In(k)formation

• Mudit Agrawal
• Class Info-centric design of Systems
• Spring 07

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Motivation

• With the digital age, is it possible to
  revolutionize publishing?
• Will paper be still around after 10 years as the
  chief source of ink or printed information?
• If not, how and where will our ink-information be
  stored?
• If yes, will it be any different?

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Contents

• Information storage media
• Paper Industry
• Electronic Paper
• Digital Paper
• Stylus and Digital Pens
• Applications
• Proposal for digital-exam!

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Information Storage

• Old Storage media
• simple,
• low capacity
• difficult to duplicate
• difficult to distribute
• Todays digital environment
• huge storage capacities
• simple distribution.
• Natures storage media
• Tree rings - analog representation of the
  patterns of flood and drought.
• Crystal structures - representing patterns and
  arrangements of atoms and molecules.
• DNA, digital encoding of information in patterns
  of genes and proteins.

petroglyphs
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Digital Age

• Data is stored all around you
• On
• floppy disks,
• barcodes,
• identification and bankcards.
• Data can be in many forms
• identification numbers,
• photographs,
• computer files,
• audio and videotape,
• CD-ROMs
• DVD-ROMs

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Still!

• A recent estimate of information storage
  estimated 1 is stored in recordable media such
  as disk drives and CD-ROM, 4 in photographic
  microfilm and fiche, and 95 on paper.

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Statistics!

• A tree can produce about 80,500 sheets of paper
• It requires about 786 million trees to produce
  the world's annual paper supply

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Paper!

• Printed Paper is
• Cheap,
• Cheerful,
• Ubiquitous
• It's The Bedrock Of A Billion-Dollar Global
  Industry
• Why paper still?
• Of course, because paper has entrenched
  advantages.
• tangibility pretty much everyone prefers paper
  to screens.
• You can carry it around
• it's compact,
• it's convenient
• doesn't break.
• It doesn't need outside power.
• totally reliable.
• In other words, it's everything a laptop computer
  is not.

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Traditional Paper ?

• Inspite of all these added advantages,
  conventional paper lacks
• Fast and efficient search
• Reusability
• Piles!

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• Tablet PC or Notebook?

• NO!

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• Electronic Paper
• And
• Digital Paper

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Electronic Paper

• Mimics appearance of regular ink on paper
• Doesnt use backlight to illuminate pixels
• Reflects light like ordinary paper
• Bistable

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Electronic Paper (continued)

• Intelligent Paper
• First developed in the 1970s by Nick Sheridon at
  Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center.
• Gyricon first electronic paper
• Concept from Dot-matrix printer words and
  pictures can be broken into dots or pixels

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Electronic Paper (continued)

• Contained polyethylene spheres between 20 and 100
  micrometres across.
• Each sphere is composed of
• negatively charged black plastic on one side and
• positively charged white plastic on the other
• each bead is thus a dipole.
• The spheres are embedded in a transparent
  silicone sheet, with each sphere suspended in a
  bubble of oil so that they can rotate freely.

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Electronic Paper (continued)

• The polarity of the voltage applied to each pair
  of electrodes then determines whether the white
  or black side is face-up, thus giving the pixel a
  white or black appearance.
• Negative charge to electrode ? black pixel

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Applications

• Phillips and Sony developing commercial
  applications.
• Shipped developer kits of 6 inch, 800x600
  resolution electronic paper on November 1, 2005.
• In February 2006, the Flemish daily De Tijd
  distributed an electronic-ink version of the
  paper

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Applications (continued)

• Flexible display cards enable generation of a
  one-time password to reduce online banking and
  transaction fraud.
• Compared with existing key fob tokens, display
  cards offer a flat and thin alternative to
  existing key fob tokens for data security.
• Motorola's new style mobile phone, called the
  Motofone, also uses a monochrome electronic paper
  screen

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• Are we missing something?

?
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Digital Paper and Pen

• Motivation Handwriting!
• Need for an interactive paper
• Precursors
• Wacom Tablet
• Pegasus Pen

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Wacom Tablet
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Wacom Tablet

• cordless, battery-free and pressure-sensitive
  pens
• uses a patented electromagnetic resonance
  technology
• tablet provides power to the pen through resonant
  coupling
• A grid of wires that transmits a send and receive
  signal

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Application GKB
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Wacom ? GKB ? Details
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Wacom ? GKB ? Details
The channel mode of the gesture keyboard.
In (a), the gestures are of same shape but spaced
out in different (x,y) coordinates whereas, in
(b), the gestures occur in same space but
separated in the shape dimension.
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Pegasus Pen
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Digital Paper and Pen

• Anoto!
• Paper
• with proprietary patterns of dots printed on it.
• each dot is spaced about 0.3mm apart
• the full pattern consists of 669,845,157,115,773,4
  58,169 dots
• encompasses an area exceeding 4.6 million km²
• this corresponds to 73 trillion sheets of
  letter-size paper.

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Pattern
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Anoto Pen
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Process

• The digital pen takes digital snapshots of the
  pattern
• A calculation of the exact position of the
  digital pen is made
• Possible to retrieve
• what has been written with the digital pen and
• where on the paper this was written.

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The system

• Other Pens
• Logitech IO pen
• Magicomm G303
• Maxell digital pen
• Nokia SU-1B pen

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Implications!

• Media of storage reversed!
• Pen stores the data, not paper
• Move around with your pen, and dock in, to
  transfer the data wherever you want!

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ApplicationsPaper Presentation Tool
for giving PowerPoint presentations controlled by
a paper-based user interface
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ApplicationsEncyclopedia
combining printed information with content
delivered on a CD-ROM
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ApplicationsSemi-digital City Map
providing supplementary digital information about
restaurants, cinemas, shopping facilities etc
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ApplicationsScientific Annotations
publication annotation application was designed
to support researchers in their annotations,
recommendations and cross-referencing of
articles
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ApplicationsPrint-n-Link
Print-n-Link uses technologies for interactive
paper to enhance the reading process by enabling
users to access digital information and/or
searches for cited documents from a printed
version of a publication
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ApplicationsLaboratory Notebooks

• Research lab notebooks are pocket books for
  documenting scientific experiments
• Click and search for related field
• Match the results

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ApplicationHandwriting Recognition!

• Process
• Smoothing
• De-hooking
• Normalization
• Ink vector interpolation in spatial domain (from
  temporal)
• Training a classifier for simple generic shapes
• Pre-processed ink for recognition

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ApplicationsOthers

• Ambulance
• X-ray annotations
• Doctor e-diagnosis

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Digital-Exam System Proposal
Prepare the versions Of Question paper
Associate Patterns with each version
Distribute papers to students
Answer matching Result generation
Distribute Pens to students
Examination
Dock and transfer the ink
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Gmail Paper!

• Google Paper is a new feature being promoted on
  the Gmail home page. You can request a physical
  copy of any email with the click of a button, and
  Google will deliver paper printouts to you in 2-4
  days via the mail.

1st APRIL ?
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References

• http//invsee.asu.edu/nmodules/ismmod/intro.html
• http//www2.sims.berkeley.edu/research/projects/ho
  w-much-info-2003/print.htm
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_paper
• http//www.sipix.com/technology/index.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacom
• http//www.wired.com/wired/archive/5.05/ff_digital
  ink_pr.html
• http//www.eetindia.com8088/ARTICLES/2006AUG/C/20
  06AUG28_INDIADESIGNS_HPLabsIndia.HTM
• Kauranen(o.J.) The ANOTO pen - Why light
  scattering matters. IZMF (2004)
• http//www.globis.ethz.ch/research/paper/applicati
  ons