Total Force

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Total Force
Capt Wiggins
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Total Force

• Total Force
• History
• Force Modernization
• Cost Effectiveness
• Reserve Categories
• Ready Reserve
• Standby Reserve
• Retired Reserve
• Structure and Organization
• Force Contributions ? Accessibility

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HISTORY

• 1653, Oliver Cromwell overthrows British
  Parliament
• Sows seed of distrust of armies
• Fear of standing army in America

• standing armies in times of peace are
  inconsistent with the principles of republican
  governments, dangerous to the liberties of a free
  people, and generally converted into destructive
  engines for establishing despotism.
• Continental Congress 2 June 1784

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HISTORY

• Legitimate need for national defense in
  early America
• Standing army of 80---Captain highest rank
• Who should rise up if we have no standing army?

• The militia created 1780s
• 700 from each state
• Began growth of the National Guard and the
  Reserve Forces we see in todays total force

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HISTORY

• Total Force evolved as official policy in 1970s
• Aug 1970 -- The Total Force Concept was announced
  by Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird
• Aug 1973 -- SECDEF James Schlesinger elevated the
  Total Force Concept to the Total Force Policy

• Objective of Total Force Policy
• Integrate Active and Reserve forces
• In the most cost-effective manner possible
• Maintain as small an active peacetime force as
  commitments permit.

• Initial Implementation Problemsequipment

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Total ForceForce Modernization

• Improved reserve equipment to state of the art
  during the 1980s
• First to deploy, first to be equipped.
  - DOD 1225.6

Are they cost effective?
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Total ForceCost Effectiveness for the DOD

• Provides 50 of total applicable US military
  force
• Only consumes 8.3 of DoD budget
• Missions have increased to a steady state of
  12-13 million man-days in each of last 3 years

Annual Defense Report 2000
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Cost Effectiveness AFR
Total Air Force Budget
Reserve Budget 3
Air Force Combat Capability
Supplied by Reserve 20
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Cost Effectiveness ANG
Total Air Force Budget
ANG Budget 7
Air Force Combat Capability
Supplied by ANG 14

• Other savings

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Cost Efficiency

• Additional cost-saving benefits (for the Air
  Force)
• No paid leave
• No family health care
• Smaller Retirement fund contributions

• Other ways they save .

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Associate Program

• Associate Program Advantages
• Mixture of active duty/Reserve crews
• Share flying and maintenance responsibilities
• Increases surge capability
• Growth potential to expand Reserve mission

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TOTAL FORCE

• Total Force
• Reserve Categories
• Structure and Organization
• Force Contributions
• Accessibility

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Three Reserve Categories

• Ready Reserve Combat ready deploy in 72 hours
• Selected Reserve
• Individual Ready Reserve
• Inactive National Guard
• Standby Reserve
• Retired Reserve

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Ready Reserve Selected Reserve

• Guard and Reserve units and individuals
  designated as essential to wartime missions
• Have priority for training, equipment and
  personnel
• Individual Mobilization Augmentees (IMAs)
• Not attached to an organized Reserve unit
• Assigned to active duty components

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Ready Reserve Individual Ready Reserve

• Pool of pre-trained individuals who
• Served in active units or Selected Reserve
• Have military service obligation (MSO) remaining
• In active status but do not train
• Eligible for involuntary service

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Ready Reserve Inactive National Guard

• National Guard personnel attached to a specific
  National Guard unit in an inactive status
• ING members do not perform training.

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Standby Reserve

• Personnel who are not required to train and are
  not assigned to units.
• Reservists whose civilian jobs are key to
  national defense
• Includes people who may have left active duty
  early due to hardships
• Eligible for involuntary service under full
  mobilization

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Standby Reserve

• Personnel who are not required to train and are
  not assigned to units.
• Reservists whose civilian jobs are key to
  national defense
• Includes people who may have left active duty
  early due to hardships
• Eligible for involuntary service under full
  mobilization

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Retired Reserve

• Personnel who receive retired pay (AD/Reserve) or
  are placed in retirement status but have not yet
  reached age 60
• May be recalled to active duty by the appropriate
  service secretary (or when otherwise authorized
  by law)

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TOTALSReserve Manpower
IRR
Selected Reserves
Retired/Standby
AFRC Mission Brief Apr 2001
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TOTAL FORCE

• Total Force
• Reserve Categories
• Structure and Organization
• Force Contributions
• Accessibility

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Air Force Reserve Mission
Maintain in a constant state of readiness USAFR
units and individuals and the systems and
services required to perform their assigned
mission in support of US national objectives.
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Air Force ReserveOrganizational Structure
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TOTALSAFRC Manpower
Civilians
Air Reserve Technicians
Regular Reservists
AFRC Mission Brief Apr 2001
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Air National Guard Mission
Provides ready units to the state and nation
carries out two missions
State Role To protect life and property, and to
preserve peace, order, and public safety
Community Role To participate in local, state,
and national programs that add value to America
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Air National Guard

• Dual Command Chains
• Bear arms under federal control for community
  defense (Same as Reserves)
• Under state control on day-to-day basis

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Air National Guard
Federalized
State Air Guard Units
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National Guard Personnel

• Drill Status
• Traditional Guardsmen
• 75 of force
• One (UTA) a month
• 15 days annual training

• Full time Guardsmen
• 25 of total Guard force
• Air Technicians (Civil Service)
• Active Guard personnel
• Active Duty Component personnel
• Active Duty for Training

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TOTAL FORCE

• Total Force
• Reserve Categories
• Structure and Organization
• Force Contributions
• Accessibility

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Satellite Space Operations
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Satellite Space Operations
AFR
ANG
Active Duty
HQ AFRC/XP Jan 2000
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Bombers
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Bombers
AFR
ANG
Active Duty
Ex B-1, B-52, B-2
USAF Almanac 2000
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Fighters
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Fighters
ANG
AFR
Active Duty
Ex F-15, F-16, OA-10, A-10, F-22, F117
USAF Almanac 2000
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Strategic Airlift
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Strategic Airlift
ANG
AFR
Active Duty
Ex C-5, C-141, C-17
USAF Almanac 2000
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Tankers
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Tankers
ANG
AFR
Active Duty
Ex KC-10, KC-135, HC-130
USAF Almanac 2000
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Rescue
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Rescue
ANG
AFR
Active Duty
Ex HC-130, HH-60
HQ AFRC/XP Jan 2000
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Theater Airlift
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Theater Airlift
ANG
Active Duty
AFR
Ex C-130, C-17
USAF Almanac 2000
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Air Defense
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Air Defense
ANG
Examples F-15, F-16
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Weather Recon
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Weather Recon
AFR
Ex WC-130
HQ AFRC/XP Jan 2000
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TOTAL FORCE

• Total Force
• Reserve Categories
• Structure and Organization
• Force Contributions
• Accessibility

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Accessibility

• Full mobilization
• Partial mobilization
• Presidential Selected Reserve Call-Up
• Volunteers

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Full Mobilization

• Gives access to all Reserve forces
• Requires a declaration of war or national
  emergency by Congress
• Duration of Conflict plus 6 months

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Partial Mobilization

• 1,000,000 members of the Ready Reserve
• Up to 24 months
• President must declare a national emergency

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Presidential Selected Reserve Call-Up

• Up to 200,000 Select Reserve personnel
• Up to 270 days
• President must notify Congress

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Volunteers

• Provide the majority of personnel in times of
  war and peace

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ANG Deployments
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ANG Deployments
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USAF ReserveContingency Real-World Ops


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USAF ReserveContingency Real-World Ops

• 1991-1999 (9 Years)
  
  
  
• Real World
• Desert Shield/Storm Provide Comfort I, II
• United Shield Legacy Freedom
• Vigilant Warrior Keflavik Alert
• Nomad Vigil Northern Watch
• Joint Endeavor/Guard A-10 Crash Support
• Decisive Edge/Endeavor
• 
  

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Peace Keeping Southern Watch Uphold
Democracy Deny Flight Maintain Democracy
Restore Democracy
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USAF ReserveContingency Real-World Ops

• Humanitarian
• Restore Hope CA Earthquake Support
  Hope
• Hurricane Andrew Midwest Floods
  Mongolia
• Hurricane Omar TS Alberto
  Provide Relief
• Hurricane Felix OK City Bombing
  Walking Shield
• Hurricane Marilyn Provide Hope
  USAir Flt 427
• Hurricane Bertha Pacific Haven
  Provide Assistance
• Hurricane Opal Panama Haven Desert
  Focus
• Hurricane Georges Distant Haven
  Provide Promise
• Phoenix Dart Denton Amdmt ValueJet
  Crash
• N. Dakota Floods Assured Response Phoenix
  Back
• Phoenix Moat/Over Volant Comfort Florida Fires
  
• Korean Crash-Guam Typhoon Paka-Guam

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A Balanced Lifestyle Typical Civilian

• Vacation
• Sick Leave
• Weekends
• Holidays

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221
Work 221 Days
Play 144 Days
058
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Reservists Support Commitments
84
Play 84 Days
281
Work 221 Days
Support 60 Days
059
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Aircrew Commitments
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Play 21 Days
344
Work 221 Days
Aircrew 123 Days
060
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A Balanced Lifestyle Typical MS CAM
Play 360 Days
5
Work 5 (Half) Days
360
058
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Points to Remember...

• Reserve Categories
• Ready Reserves
• Standby
• Retired
• Chain of Command
• ANG vs AFRC
• Accessibility
• Full/Partial Mobilization
• Presidential Selected Reserve Call-up
• Volunteers

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• We need to shift away from the cold war stance
  of having the active duty do the operational
  missions and have the Reserves just do training.
  
• Vice Admiral David Frost
• Former Deputy Commander-in-Chief,
• USSPACECOM

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ANY QUESTIONS?
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