ICAO ANNEX 14 HELIPORT DESIGN WORKSHOP

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ICAO ANNEX 14HELIPORT DESIGN WORKSHOP

Dr John Leverton Former HAI/AHS Heliport Design
AC Focal Point IFHA Representative to ICAO
Aerodrome Panel
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• TAXIWAYS/TAXI-ROUTES

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TAXIWAY/TAXIROUTEDEFINITIONS

• CENTER SECTION (PATH) MARKED OR SEPARATE
  PAVED SECTION IS THE TAXIWAY FOR FAA AND ICAO
• TOTAL WIDTH IS THE TAXI ROUTE FOR FAA AND ICAO
• SECTION OUTSIDE TAXIWAY HAS DIFFERENT NAMES
  FAA TERMS THIS CLEARANCES ICAO SHOULDERS
• WIDTH IS FUNCTION OF UNDERCARRIAGE (UC) MAX.
  WIDTH OR LENGTH AND ROTOR DIAMETER (RD) SIZE
• THE SIZE IS IN GENERAL COMPLEX TO DETERMINE FOR
  BOTH FAA AND ICAO REQUIREMENTS/REGULATIONS
• DESIGN FOR HOVER TAXI GENERALLY REQUIRED BUT
  HIS MAY BE LIMITED TO SMALLER HELICOPTERS. AS
  RESULT, SIZE MAY DEPEND ON LARGE HELICOPTER
  USINGGROUND TAXI.

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Taxiways/taxi Routes
Taxiway Width
Center Line Marking/Lights
Sideline Markers or Lights
Width of Sideline Markers or Lights
FAA Rotor Tip Clearance ICAO Shoulders
Taxi Route Width
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TAXIWAY / TAXI ROUTEHOVER TAXI

• FAA - COMPLEX
• AC-2B
• TOTAL WIDTH (TAXI ROUTE) WIDTH VARYS WITH
  MARKINGS
• ICAO USES TERM AIR TAXIWAYS
• TOTAL WIDTH 2 RD
• ICAO ALSO DEFINES AIR TRANSIT ROUTE (AIR TAXI
  AT HEIGHT ABOVE 30m/100ft).
• TOTAL WIDTH 7RD FOR DAY OPERATIONS
• 10RD FOR NIGHT
  OPERATIONS

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TAXIWAY REQUIREMENTS - GA
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HOVER TAXIWAYS
ICAO Annex 14
2RD
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TAXIWAY/TAXI ROUTE(GROUND TAXI)

• FAA REQUIREMENTS
• NEW AC-2B
• TAXIWAY 2 x U/C
• TOTAL WIDTH/TAXI ROUTE MINIMUM 1RD or 35 ft
  (10.7 m) which ever is larger 20 ft.

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TAXIWAY REQUIREMENTS - GA
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TAXIWAY/TAXI ROUTE(GROUND TAXI)

• ICAO REQUIREMENTS DEFINED IN TERMS OF SIZES OF
  UNDERCARRIAGE FOR RANGE OF HELICOPTER SIZES
• e.g. for UC 4.5m TO 6m (15ft TO 35ft)
• PAVED/MARKED TAXIWAY 10.5m (35ft) SHOULDERS
  OF ½ RD.
• TOTAL WIDTH 1RD 10.5m (35 ft.) IF RD 50 ft
  (15 m) TOTAL WIDTH 85ft (26 m).

Extract from ICAO Annex 14
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GROUND TAXIWAYS
New AC-2B
7.5 m / 25 ft
1/2 RD
1.5 RD
OBJECT
ICAO Annex 14
For UC up to 4.5 m(14.75 ft)
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AC-2B Parking
Taxi Route
Offset from Taxi Route
Figure 2-14. Parking Area Design - Turn-around
Parking Positions GENERAL AVIATION
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AC-2B Parking
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BASIC TAXI ROUTE / TAXIWAY CONCEPT
Air Taxi-Route / Air Taxiway
Ground Taxi-Route / Ground Taxiway
0.25 RD Protection Zone
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BASIC TAXI-ROUTE / TAXIWAY CONCEPT
Ground Taxi Route / Ground Taxiway
Air Taxiway 2UCw
0.5 RD Protection Zone
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BASIC TAXI ROUTE / TAXIWAY CONCEPT
SLBA Static Load Bearing Area GEA
Ground Effect Area
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BASIC STAND
STAND 2UC
STAND PROTECTION AREA 1.2 D (1.4RD)
STAND Markings NOT Shown
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BASIC STAND
1RD (shown for reference only)
STAND PROTECTION AREA 1.2 D (1.4RD) GEA
STAND Markings NOT Shown
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BASIC AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND
0.4D (0.5RD) Protection Zone
STAND Markings NOT Shown
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BASIC AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND
1RD (shown for reference only)
STAND Markings NOT Shown
STAND Protection Zone 2D (2.4RD)GEA
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TAXI-THROUGH STANDS
STAND Markings NOT Shown
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TAXI-THROUGH STANDS
Air Taxi-through
2 RD
Object
0.5RD Clearance
Ground Taxi-through
1.5 RD
Object
0.25RD Clearance
STAND Markings NOT Shown
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AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND SIMULTANEOUS
OPERATIONS
STAND and Taxi Route / Taxiway Markings NOT Shown
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AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND SIMULTANEOUS
OPERATIONS
2D
2RD
STAND and Taxi Route / Taxiway Markings NOT Shown
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AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND SIMULTANEOUS
OPERATIONS
STAND and Taxi Route / Taxiway Markings NOT Shown
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AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND SIMULTANEOUS
OPERATIONS
STAND and Taxi Route / Taxiway Markings NOT Shown
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AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND SIMULTANEOUS
OPERATIONS
STAND and Taxi Route / Taxiway Markings NOT Shown
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AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND NON-SIMULTANEOUS
OPERATIONS
STAND and Taxi Route / Taxiway Markings NOT Shown
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AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND NON-SIMULTANEOUS
OPERATIONS
2 D
2 RD
NOTE Depending on the precise values of RD and
D, the Taxi Routes could overlap
STAND and Taxi Route / Taxiway Markings NOT Shown
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AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND NON-SIMULTANEOUS
OPERATIONS
STAND and Taxi Route / Taxiway Markings NOT Shown
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AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND NON-SIMULTANEOUS
OPERATIONS
STAND and Taxi Route / Taxiway Markings NOT Shown
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FATO AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND
Approach / Departure Surfaces
PC2 / PC3 GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT
NO Transitional Surfaces
FATO / STAND Markings NOT Shown
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FATO AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND
1.2D
2D
New (draft) Requirement 3.1.8 There shall be a
protected side slope at 45 from the edge of the
safety area to a distance 10 meters
FATO / STAND Markings NOT Shown
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FATO AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND
Approach / Departure Surfaces
1RD (shown for reference only)
2D
1D
2RD
1.2D
FATO / STAND Markings NOT Shown
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FATO AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND
1.2D
2D
New (draft) Requirement 3.1.8 There shall be a
protected side slope at 45 from the edge of the
safety area to a distance 10 meters
FATO / STAND Markings NOT Shown
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FATO AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND
1.2D
2D
45
10 m
FATO / STAND Markings NOT Shown
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FATO AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND
1.2D
2D
PC2 / PC3 GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT
FATO / STAND Markings NOT Shown
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FATO AIR/HOVER MANOEUVER STAND
1D
2RD
2D
PC2 / PC3 GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT
FATO / STAND Markings NOT Shown
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ICAO MARKINGS

• GROUND LEVEL
• FATO AIRPORT RUNWAY LIKE MARKING (DASHEDLINE)
  PLUS H
• TLOF CONTINUOUS WHITE LINE 1 ft (30 cm) WIDE
• AIMING POINT GROUND LEVEL EQUILATERAL
  TRIANGLE IF REQUIRED TO LOCATE LANDING
  POINT
• TAXIWAY SAME AS AIRPORT (AIRPLANE) TAXIWAYS
• ELEVATED
• TOUCHDOWN POINT TOUCHDOWN CIRCLE
• 
  ALSO CALLED AIMING CIRCLE
• YELLOW CIRCLE 0.5 D OR 20 FT (6 m) DIAMETER
• WIDTH 20 INCHES (0.5 m)
• REQUIRED FOR ELEVATED HELIPORTS (AND
  HELIDECKS)

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TAXIWAY/PARKING

• WHEELED AND SKID EQUIPPED HELICOPTERS
• USUALLY SKID EQUIPPED MOST DEMANDING RELATIVE
  TO HELICOPTER DIMENSIONS.
• MEDIUM/LARGE HELICOPTERS (S-76, S-61, S-92) ARE
  WHEEL EQUIPPED AND SMALL HELICOPTERS ARE
  GENERALLY SKID-EQUPPED. HENCE FOR
  TAXIWAY/PARKING FOR LARGE HELICOPTERS WHEEL
  EQUIPPED IS LIKELY TO BE MOST DEMANDING.
• NOTE IF WHEEL EQUIPPED HELICOPTERS HOVER TAXI
  (WHEELS NOT TOUCHING SURFACE) TAXIWAY AND PARKING
  TO BE BASED ON HOVER TAXI REQUIREMENTS.

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• MARKINGS
• LIGHTING

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AIMING POINT
GROUND LEVEL
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ICAO MARKINGS (CONT.)

• AIR TAXIWAY
• MARKERS AT 95 ft (30 m) FOR STRAIGHT SECTIONS AND
  48 ft (15 m) ON CURVES
• NOT USED IN USA WAS CONSIDERED BUT DELETED FROM
  DRAFT NEW AC-2B
• HELIPORT NAME MARKING REQUIRED
• ELEVATED HELIPORTS MAXIMUM WEIGHT INDICATION
  RECOMMENDED
• H WHITE HOSPITAL HELIPORTS RED H ON WHITE
  CROSS SAME AS IN FAA AC
• NOTE H VERTICALS ALIGHTED WITH PREFERRED
  APPROACH DIRECTION H 10 FT (3 m) HIGH MIN.
  MAXIMUM NOT DEFINED- EXAMPLE GIVEN (NORMALLY
  LOCATED IN AIMING CIRCLE ON ELEVATED HELIPORT)

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FAA TLOF MARKINGS
12 in (30 cm)
NEW AC-2B Weight (mass)/Rotor Size Limit Marking
Located in lower right-hand corner
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HOSPITAL HELIPORT MARKING
Background NOT defined
3 m (10 ft)
Obstacle-free Sector Marking (Not discussed in
detail)
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ICAO MARKINGSELEVATED HELIPORT
FATO/TLOF
AIMING CIRCLE (TOUCHDOWN MARKING) 1/2D Min 6
m (20 ft) DIAMETER. H 3 m (10 ft) HIGH
Mass (Weight) limit in tonnes ( i.e. 1000 kg)
FATO/TLOF for elevated heliport/helideck
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FATO MARKING
Proposal for NON takeoff and Landing
FATO
Aiming Point Marking
Length of side 9 m (29.5 ft)
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FATO MARKING
Proposal for FATO with TLOF
Touchdown Marking 0.5 D (commonly called
aiming circle- currently dimension only for
helidecks) Min 6 m (20 ft)
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FATO MARKING
Proposal for FATO with TLOF ??
Touchdown Marking 0.5 D (commonly called
aiming circle- currently dimension
only defined for helidecks)
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TLOF in HELICOPTER STAND
STAND SLB Area 2UC
TLOF SLB Area 1.5 UC
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TLOF in HELICOPTER STAND
?
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LIGHTING FAA AC-2B

• COLOR FATO / TLOF NEW AC-2B- GREEN
• CHANGED FROM YELLOW IN AC-2A
• FATO OR TLOF
• GENERAL AVIATION 4 PER SIDE (25FT MAX.
  INTERVAL).
• FATO RAISED OR FLUSH
• NEW AC -2B FLUSH LIGHTING ONLY FOR GROUND LEVEL
  TLOF.
• FLOODLIGHTS ALLOWED
• ELEVATED MOUNTED ON TLOF OR FATO SAFETY NET
• HELIPORT INDENTIFICATION BEACON- GENERAL AVIATION
  OPTIONAL
• TAXIWAY LIGHTS NO REAL CHANGE BUT MORE DETAILED
• UNLESS NEAR AIRPORT RUNWAY LIGHTS WHEN YELLOW
  LIGHTS CAN BE USED.

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ICAO LIGHTING

• GROUND LEVEL FATO
• ONLY REQUIRED IF FATO IS NON-EVIDENT
• SQUARE / RECTANGULAR INTERVAL OF NOT MORE THAN
  50m (164 ft) MINIMUM 4 PER SIDE WITH ONE (1) AT
  EACH CORNER.
• CIRCULAR INTERVAL OF NOT MORE THAN 5m (16ft)
  WITH MINIMUM OF 10.
• COLOR WHITE
• GROUND LEVEL TLOF
• PERIMETER LIGHTS OR FLOODLIGHTS
• SQUARE / RECTANGULARE INTERVAL OF NOT MORE THAN
  5m (16 ft) MINIMUM 4 PER SIDE WITH ONE (1)
  AT EACH CORNER
• CIRCULAR EVENLY SPACED IF NOT POSSIBLE
  INTERVAL OF NOT MORE THAN 45 Degrees - WITH
  MINIMUM OF 14.
• COLOR GREEN
• ASSUMES LARGE FATO!

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NEW ICAO LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS

• NEW ICAO REQUIREMENTS ADOPTED IN 2004 FOR
  ELEVATED HELIPORTS AND HELIDECKS
• CHANGE FATO/TLOF PERIMETER LIGHTS FROM YELLOW TO
  GREEN
• LIGHT / IDENTIFY TOUCHDOWN MARKINGS USING
  ASPSL AND/OR LPs AND/OR FLOODLIGHTING i.e.
  LIGHT OR ILLUMINATE AIMING CIRCLE AND H.
• LIGHTS MAY ILLUMIATE THE WHOLE SHAPE OR JUST
  THE OUTLINE SHAPE. RECOMMENDATION FOR THE
  AIMING CIRCLE - BROKEN (DASHED) CIRCLE OF
  YELLOW ASPSL LIGHTS ON OUTER EDGE PROPOSED, FOR
  THE H- GREEN LPs.
• ASPSL ARRAY OF SEGMENTED POINT SOURCE LIGHTS
• i.e. STRIPS OF LIGHT EMITTING
  DIODES (LEDs)
• LP LUMINESCENT PANEL LIGHTS

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ICAO LIGHTING

• ELEVATED FATO / TLOF
• GREEN PERIMETER LIGHTS AND ARRRAYS OF SEGMENTED
  POINT SOURCE LIGHTING (ASPSL) AND/OR LUMINESCENT
  PANELS (LPs).
• PERIMETER LIGHTS
• INTERVAL 3m (10ft)
• MAX HEIGHT 25cm (10 in)
• INSET LIGHTS WHEN ... EXTENDING ABOVE SURFACE
  COULD ENDANGER HELICOPTER
• DETAILS FOR LUMINESCENT PANEL LIGHTS
• FATO / TLOF COINCIDENTAL (SAME SIZE) FOR
  ELEVATED HELIPORTS AND HELICDECKS

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NEW ICAO LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS
CAA Photograph
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LIGHTING ISSUES

• SAFETY CONCERNS OVER USE OF LIGHTS WITH-IN FATO
  (i.e TO LIGHT TLOF and/or TOUCHDOWN CIRCLE) WHEN
  SKID HELICOPTERS ARE USED.
• ARE ADDITION VISUAL CUES REQUIRED? - DOES
  ADDITIONAL LIGHTS PROVIDED THE NESCESSARY
  VISUAL CUES?
• COST
• IS GREEN LIGHTS THE BEST FOR LOCATING HELIPORTS
  UNDER ALL AMBIENT LIGHT/ WEATHER CONDITIONS?

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End of this section . MORE TO COME