Trempealeau County Highway Department Safety Training

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Trempealeau County Highway Department Safety
Training

• Jodi Emmerich
• Wausau Insurance
• Loss Prevention Consultant

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Topics for Todays Training

• Confined Space
• Load Securement
• Lockout Tagout
• Hearing Conservation
• Blood Borne Pathogens

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Why do I need safety training?

• I carefully think through all of the angles.

• Nothing could possibly go wrong and it wouldnt
  happen to me anyway.

• I have done it a thousand times.

• I know what Im doing, its what Ive been trained
  to do my whole life.

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Think Again!
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Confined Space
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OSHA Defined Confined Space

• An area which
• Has adequate size and configuration for employee
  entry
• Limited means of access or egress
• Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy
• Examples tanks, silos, pits, sewers, furnaces

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Permit Required Confined Spaces

• A confined space that presents or has the
  potential for hazards related to atmospheric
  conditions (toxic, flammable, asphyxiating),
  engulfment, and other recognized serious hazards.

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Non-Permit Confined Space

• A confined space that does not contain or, with
  respect to atmospheric hazards, have the
  potential to contain any hazard capable of
  causing death or serious physical harm

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Entry

• The action by which a person passes through an
  opening into a permit-required confined space,
  and includes ensuing work activities in that
  space.
• Considered to have occurred as soon as any part
  of the entrants body breaks the plane of an
  opening into that space.

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Confined Space Hazards

• Engulfment Hazards
• trapped by dry, loose bulk material
• Physical Hazards
• lockout/tagout/tryout
• pipes separated
• pipelines flushed
• Atmospheric Hazards
• Asphyxiating, toxic or flammable/explosive

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Hazardous Atmospheres

• Flammable gas, vapor or mist more than 10 of
  its lower explosive limit (LEL)
• Airborne combustible dust that obscures vision at
  a distance of 5 feet or less
• Oxygen concentration below 19.5 or above 23.5
• Any other atmospheric condition that is IDLH

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Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (an OSHA
Limit)

• Any condition that
• Poses an immediate or delayed threat to life
• Would cause irreversible adverse health effects
• Would interfere with an individuals ability to
  escape unaided from a permit space.

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Permit Entry Program

• Prevent unauthorized entry
• Identify and evaluate hazards before entry
• Establish safe practices such as isolation,
  purging, inerting, ventilation, lockouts
• Provide equipment needed for safe entry air
  monitor, ventilation, PPE, lighting etc.
• Test the permit space and document results

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Permit Space Entry Program (cont.)

• Need at least one attendant outside of space
• Entrant and attendant need to keep continuous
  communication
• Visually
• If visual communication not possible then audible
  communication is necessary.

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Confined Space Entry

• Fill out permit
• Know hazards that may be present
• Monitor those hazards throughout entry
• Use proper PPE during entry
• Entrant and Attendant have constant communication
• Know how to summons rescue personnel

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Retrieval Systems

• Must have chest or full body harness with a
  retrieval line attached at the center of the
  Entrants back
• Wristlets may be used if other harness is
  infeasible to use in situation.
• The other end must be attached to a mechanical
  device or fixed point outside the permit space.

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REMEMBER!!!

• NEVER ENTER A CONFINED SPACE TO RESCUE ANOTHER
  EMPLOYEE UNLESS YOU FOLLOW PROCDURES!! PROTECT
  YOURSELF.
• DO EVERYTHING RIGHT BEFORE ENTRY . PREVENTION
  IS KEY!!
• RARELY SEE CONFINED SPACE INJURIES. INCIDENTS
  ARE USUALLY FATAL.

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Load Securement
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Load Securement

• The following conditions must exist before a
  carrier can require or permit a driver to operate
  a commercial motor vehicle
• The cargo must be properly distributed and
  adequately secured.
• Vehicle structure and equipment must be secured,
  including
• Tailgate
• Doors
• Tarpaulins
• Spare tire
• Other equipment used in the vehicle's operation
• Cargo securing equipment

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Cargo

• The vehicle's cargo or any other object must not
  
• Obscure the driver's front or side view
• Interfere with the free movement of the driver's
  arms or legs.
• Prevent the driver's free and ready access to
  emergency equipment
• Prevent the free and ready exit of any person
  from the vehicle

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Securement System

• A securement system is a means of securing an
  article or articles of cargo on or in a vehicle
  by using one or more of the following elements.
• Vehicle Structure
• Securing Devices
• Blocking and Bracing Equipment

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Load Securement and Force

• Each cargo securement system must be able to
  withstand a minimum amount of force in each
  direction.
• Forward Force 80 of cargo weight when braking
  while driving straight ahead.
• Rearward Force 50 of cargo weight when
  accelerating, shifting gears while climbing a
  hill, or braking in reverse.
• Sideways Force 50 of cargo weight when
  turning, changing lanes, or braking while
  turning.
• Upward Force 20 of cargo weight when traveling
  over bumps in the road or cresting a hill

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Cargo

• All types of cargo must meet one of three
  conditions
• 1) Cargo is fully contained by structures of
  adequate strength. Such as vehicle structure or
  by other cargo.

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Cargo

• 2) Cargo is immobilized by structures of
  adequate strength or a combination of structure,
  blocking and bracing
• 3) Cargo is immobilized or secured on or within
  a vehicle by tiedowns along with
• Blocking
• Bracing
• Friction mats
• Other cargo
• Void fillers
• Combination of the above

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Examples of Securing Devices

• Synthetic Webbing
• Chain
• Wire rope
• Clamps and latches
• Blocking
• Grab hooks
• D-rings
• Others

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Tiedowns

• Attach to the cargo and provide direct resistance
  to restrain the cargo from movement.
• Pass over or through the cargo. They increase the
  effect of friction between the cargo and the deck.

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Tiedowns

• When cargo is not prevented from forward movement
  (for example, by the headboard, bulkhead, other
  cargo, or tiedown attached to the cargo), secure
  the cargo according to the following NACSS
  requirements

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Tiedowns

• When cargo is prevented from forward movement
  (for example, by the headboard, bulkhead, other
  cargo, or tiedown), secure the cargo according to
  the following requirements.

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Driver Inspection
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Lockout/Tagout
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LOCKOUT IS REQUIRED WHEN.

• An employee is required to remove or bypass the
  guard or other safety device,
• An employee must place his/her body into a
  dangerous area during normal operating cycle
• An employee must place his/her body into a point
  of operation of machine or equipment.

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TWO GROUPS OF EMPLOYEE INVOLVED IN LOCKOUT...

• Authorized
• Affected

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LOCKS

• Provided by the company
• All the same
• Identify the user
• Singularly keyed
• Durable, capable of withstanding harsh
  environments and excessive force
• Assigned to ONE person, never loaned to another
  employee

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Types of Stored Energy

• Electrical
• Hydraulic
• Pneumatic
• Mechanical
• Steam
• Hazardous Fluid

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LOCKOUT PROCEDURES

• 1. Prepare for shutdown
• 2. Notify Affected Employees
• 3. Shutdown Equipment
• 4. Isolate energy source or sources
• 5. Apply lock and tag

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RELEASE STORED ENERGY

• Ensure all potentially hazardous stored or
  residual energy is relieved, disconnected,
  restrained, and otherwise rendered safe.
• If the stored energy can be re-accumulated, the
  authorized employees will verify that the energy
  is isolated until maintenance is complete or
  energy no longer exists.

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ENSURE ZERO ENERGY

• Try to start the machine or equipment
• Return to neutral or off position

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RELEASE FROM LOCKOUT

• 1. Equipment Clear
• 2. Employees Clear
• 3. Remove Lockout Devices
• 4. Notify Affected Employees
• 5. Start Equipment

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REMOVING ANOTHER PERSONS LOCK

• All reasonable efforts will be made to reach the
  person.
• A Supervisor will determine that removing the
  lock will not cause personal or property damage.
• The Supervisor will remove the lock.
• The Supervisor will make sure that the authorized
  employee knows that their lock was removed before
  they resume work.

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GROUP LOCKOUT

• When one or more authorized employees work on the
  same piece of machinery or equipment, each one
  will attach their own lock.

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SHIFT OR PERSONNEL CHANGES

• On-coming authorized employee attaches lockout
  device.
• Out-going authorized employee removes lockout
  device.

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Hearing Conservation
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Definitions

• Noise - Unwanted sound
• Sound - Change in pressure that can be detected
  by the ear
• Decibel (dB) Unit of Measurement
• 1dB smallest difference in sound level that can
  be perceived by human ear

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Sound Levels
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Effects of Noise Hazards

• Communication Problems
• Absenteeism
• Stress
• Fatigue
• Efficiency Reduction
• Accidents
• Hearing Loss

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Hearing Loss

• Temporary - short-term exposures to noise,
  hearing returns
• Permanent prolonged exposure to high noise
  levels
• Inner ear damage
• Loss starts at high frequencies
• Painless, gradual deterioration
• Impacts level and clarity of sound
• Irreversible

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Risk Factors of Noise

• Intensity/Sound Level
• Duration of the exposure
• Frequency of Noise

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OSHA Hearing Conservation

• Protects workers from hearing impairment
• Required when noise exposure is 85 dB 8hr-TWA

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Hearing Protection

• Noise effects on hearing Controls
• Engineer source
• Move or eliminate source
• Barrier or enclosure
• Muffler
• Administrative
• Limit time of exposure
• Use hearing protection

Permissible Noise Exposures
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Hearing Conservation Elements

• Baseline audiogram
• Annual audiograms
• Follow-up procedures
• Training

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Hearing Protection

• Prevents intense noise from reaching inner ear
• Amount of protection depends on
• Type
• Fit
• Noise Exposure
• Consistent use
• Attenuation

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Earmuffs

• Advantages
• Cut noise to 25 dB
• Easy to take on and off
• Worn with earplugs
• Disadvantages
• Bulky
• Uncomfortable in hot weather

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Earplugs

• Advantages
• Fit inside ear canal
• Cut noise up to 30 dB
• Comfortable in hot weather
• Disposable or reusable
• Disadvantages
• May be hard to fit

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Occupational Exposure to
Bloodborne Pathogens

• OSHA 1910.1030

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Why are You Here?

• Those trained in first aid and CPR or may handle
  blood-covered materials (such as garbage) may
  have a potential for exposure to blood or Other
  Potentially Infectious Material.

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BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

• MICROORGANISMS PRESENT IN BLOOD THAT CAN CAUSE
  DISEASE

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BLOODBORNE DISEASES

• Hepatitis B
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

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Hepatitis

• Liver disease
• Results in inflammation of the liver
• Frequently leads to cirrhosis and liver cancer
• Several types of Hepatitis

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HBV SYMPTOMS

• Flu-like
• Fatigue
• Stomach Pain
• Loss of Appetite
• Nausea
• Jaundice

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• The newest bloodborne disease
• Has no vaccine
• Has non cure
• Generally leads to the development of AIDS
• People with HIV can show no apparent symptoms for
  years after infection

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SYMPTOMS OF HIV INFECTION

• Weakness
• Fever
• Sore Throat
• Nausea
• Headaches
• Diarrhea
• Other flu symptoms

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Most Occupational Exposures
to Bloodborne Diseases

• Occur through breaks in the skin and mucous
  membranes
• Needlesticks
• Human bites
• Infectious material getting in to existing cuts
  or abrasions
• HBV can also be transmitted through contact with
  dried blood

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Exposure Control

• Universal Precautions
• Engineering Controls
• Work Practices
• Personal Protective Equipment
• Housekeeping

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Hepatitis B Vaccine

• Hepatitis B vaccine is available to those
  employees with potential occupational exposures
  to bloodborne pathogens.
• Hepatitis B vaccine series is available to you at
  NO COST.
• If you decline, you must sign a Declination Form.
  (Required by OSHA)
• This series consists of 3 injections
• Initial, 1 month and 6 months from the initial

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INCIDENT INVESTIGATION FOLLOW-UP PROCEDURES

• Report al incidents to your supervisor
• A medical evaluation and follow-up form a doctor
  will be offered
• Safety Coordinator and those involved in the
  incident will conduct an investigation

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Questions?