Usage

1
Usage management of Public Health Pesticides in
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

• WHO/UNEP inter-country workshop on public health
  pesticides management in the Mediterranean region
  in context of the Stockholm convention on
  persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
• Amman, Jordan, 7-11 December
• Prepared By
• Mohammed Al-Helal
• Ministry of Health (MOH)
• Saudi Arabia

2
Control activities/measures currently in use

• House spraying ( DDT -until 1986 delta.25
  lambda.10 since 1987 )
• Larviciding operations ( temephos 50, 1
  granules Insect G. R. (pyriproxyfen 1 granules
  diflubenzuron 0.5 wp) - (BTI 1200 iun/mg)
  larvivorous fish
• Space spraying using pyrethroid (ultra-low-volume
  and thermal fogging)
• Distribution of impregnated nets 1 million nets
• Health education
• Training

3
Public Health Pesticides Management

• Registration, legislation, and licensing
• All public health pesticides are registered,
  legislated and licensed through the Ministry of
  Agriculture.
• MOH is not responsible for legislation and
  licensing
• MOH selecting the quantities and types of public
  health pesticides (vector control)
• A certificate of analysis for the pesticide is
  required from the supplier

4
Application, disposal and quality control of
pesticides

• MOH through vector control department follows the
  WHO recommendations regarding application and
  disposal
• The quality control of pesticides is monitoring
  by the Saudi Arabia Standards Organaization (SASO
  ).
• Each pesticide used in vector control should be
  those recommended by the WHO
• Before using any recommended pesticide in vector
  control, it must be tested/applied in a trial
  study
• MOH is responsible for disposal of the expired
  public health pesticides, which have been used by
  its teams.

5
Formulation and re-packaging

• There are four factories manufacturing pesticides
  for public health and agriculture
• Each factory has its own formulation procedure
  according to the manufacturers specifications
• MOH follows the WHO specifications regarding
  pesticide safety and efficacy
• There is no re-packaging in S. A.

6
Storage, transport and distribution

• There are no specific legislation in place for
  storage of pesticides within the MOH
• Annual needs of insecticides are procured through
  the tender committee of the MOH (central
  tendering process)
• 10 of the supplies of pesticides are stored in
  the MOH head office
• The remaining 90 is distributed to vector
  control departments in the disease endemic
  regions

7
Monitoring insecticide resistance

• Monitoring for insecticide resistance is done
  regularly as part of the programmes activities
• In 1982 for example strains of Anopheles
  arabiensis and A. sergenti were subjected to
  tests and found susceptible to DDT
• In 1987 they were reported resistant to DDT
  leading to suspension of DDT
• During 2003 susceptibility tests carried out on
  adult Culex and larvae gave the following
  results

8
contMonitoring insecticide resistance

• -For larvae
• High level resistance of temephos was reported
  very recently with Culex (Culex
  tritaeniorhynchus) in Gizan Region
• However, A. molticolor was found susceptible to
  temephos
• A. arabiensis was not tested at the time because
  of scarcity (small numbers)
• With WHO support this activity is being
  strengthened (provision of test supplies and
  technical support)

9
Public health pesticides used in Saudi Arabia
1996-2002
10
Monitoring and surveillance of pesticide poisoning

• Cholinesterase tests are being carried out
  regularly for both workers and inhabitants/residen
  ts and there have been no cases of poisoning
  reported

11
The challenges facing pesticides management in
S.A.

• Several sectors use pesticides (Agriculture,
  Municipalities, MOH, private companies etc.) and
  there is no specific responsible agency for
  monitoring insecticides resistance
• Some sectors who use insecticides dont have
  enough facilities to monitor the use of
  insecticides
• The responsibility of insecticides management is
  distributed among ministries and governmental
  organizations with no coordination
• Programmes are required by law to purchase local
  products irrespective of their quality and
  efficacy

12
Prospective malaria and other vector borne
diseases control

• Ensure standardized pesticides policy in the
  Kingdom
• Develop pesticides resistance management
  strategies with the support of WHO
• Develop an early warning system for vector-borne
  diseases prediction
• Strengthen border cooperation with the Republic
  of Yemen
• Aim at eliminating residual malaria foci through
  a strong time-limited control measures