Neutrino Factory: Physics, detectors and machine

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K. Long 03Apr01
Neutrino Factory Physics, detectors and machine
Neutrino Factory Panel G. Barr, P. Drumm, R.
Edgecock, S. King, K. Long, J. Stirling, J.
Thomas, D. Wark

• Physics at the Neutrino Factory - develop IPPP
  workshop series
• Neutrino Factory accelerator complex - essential
  to develop strong UK contribution
• Neutrino detectors - opportunity for UK to
  establish leadership
• High Intensity Muon Facility - Opportunity for UK
  to provide world-class facility

Acknowledgements Greatly indebted to S. Blundell
(Oxford) for education on ?SR and many helpful
conversations with many colleagues
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The Neutrino Factory accelerator complex
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The Neutrino Factory - an ambitious schedule
04/05
09/10
2001
06/07
Proof of principle Development of instrumentation
Dedicated ?Fct RD facility
Conceptual/technical design report
Start construction!
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Physics at the Neutrino Factory
Neutrino oscillations
Neutrino Factory Physics reach
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The Neutrino Factory accelerator complex
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The neutrino factory accelerator complex
Proton driver
High power, pulsed H- beam
Ideal UK contribution to Neutrino Factory

• Contributions to date
• Design of accumulator/compressor rings in CERN
  design
• - RAL (Rees), RAL/Ox (Prior)
• Design of rapid cycling synchrotrons for CERN,
  FNAL and RAL
• - RAL (Rees), RAL/Ox (Prior)

RAL
4 MW proton beam
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The neutrino factory accelerator complex
Proton driver

• Proton driver RD programme
• High current, low energy H- beam transport
• RFQ and chopper development
• Efficient, reliable, pulsed RF power sources -
  inductive output tubes
• SC RF-cavity development
• Beam diagnostics

• Investment required for 02-04
• 5 FTEs
• Equipment (especially for IOT and RF-cavity
  development)

Marconi
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The neutrino factory accelerator complex
Targetry

• Requirements
• Dissipate 1 MW of beam power
• Target must allow pions out
• Options under consideration
• Liquid metal (mercury) jet
• Solid metal target (balls, bullets, bands)
• Contributions to date
• Design of rotating solid metal band target with
  magnetic levitation and drive
• - RAL (Densham, Drumm, Bennett)
• Particle production yields - the HARP experiment
• - 11 UK authors from RAL, Oxford, Sheffield

RAL
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The neutrino factory accelerator complex
Targetry

• Targtry RD programme
• Determine response of suitable materials to high
  intensity pulsed charged particle beams
• Electron beams - high power welding machines
  (started)
• Proton beams - ISOLDE (CERN), Brookhaven or ISIS
• Develop and test magnetic levitation and drive
  system

Possible UK contribution to Neutrino Factory if
we can show solution is practical and can
demonstrate that it is superior to the liquid
metal jet targets

• Investment required for 02-04
• Four FTEs
• Equipment and beam tests

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SC-magnets, pion capture
The neutrino factory accelerator complex

• Magnets found throughout Neutrino Factory
  accelerator complex
• Modest RD programme in collaboration with UK
  industry would place UK and UK industry in a
  position to bid to supply a substantial number of
  magnets

• Contributions to date
• Design of a pion capture system based on large
  aperture dipole magnets
• - RAL (Rees)
• CERN (Haseroth) UK (Bainham, RAL) contact being
  established

• The Magnet Challenge
• Capture magnet large aperture, high tapering
  field (20T ? 1.25T)
• Decay channel 30 cm bore, 1.25T, channel 30-50m
  in length
• Cooling channel large aperture, high field
  (2.5-5T), channel 150-200m in length

• Investment required for 02-04
• Three FTEs
• Equipment and beam tests

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The neutrino factory accelerator complex
Cooling
CERN cooling channel - schematic
Ionisation cooling - principle
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The neutrino factory accelerator complex
Cooling
Possible cooling cell from FNAL design

• Ionisation cooling has not been demonstrated
  either in principle or in practice
• Essential to demonstrate that cooling from dE/dx
  beats heating from MCS
• Essential to demonstrate that complicated
  hardware of cooling channel can cool and can
  operate in challenging environment of the
  production channel

Requires dedicated programme of measurement
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The neutrino factory accelerator complex
Cooling

• Contributions to date
• MUSCAT experiment to measure MCS
• - Brm/IC/RAL (Edgecock et al)
• Proposed upgrade to MUSCAT experiment to measure
  dE/dx and demonstrate principle of cooling
• - Brm/IC/OX/RAL
• Strong contributions to discussions of
  design/instrumentation of engineering demo and
  specification of beam (or beams) required to
  carry it out

• Investment required for 02-04
• Carry out MUSCAT upgrade
• Sci. Fi. detector development
• Liquid hydrogen target

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The neutrino factory accelerator complex
Cooling
Engineering demonstration

• Opportunity for UK leadership
• Establish RD into instrumentation (most likely
  sci. fi. trackers) establish a concept/design for
  cooling demo and for production cooling channel
• Position UK to bid to provide instrumentation for
  cooling demo (03-04) and production channel
  (04-07)
• Investment required 02-04 4 FTEs

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Neutrino Detectors
The Far Detector

• Need to develop novel solutions
• Muons very large mass magnetic detector (cost)
• Electron charge determination in large mass
  detector
• Tau identification and charge determination

• Minimal requirements
• gt 50 kTon
• ?/e separation
• Muon charge determination
• ?e detection increases potential and is required
  for T
• e? charge determination
• ?? appearance requires
• ?? identification

• Opportunity for UK leadership
• Establish RD into detector in order to identify
  key technologies and establish a detector
  concept/design in collaboration with UK industry
• Position UK to provide technological solutions
  and bid to provide significant fraction of
  detector in period 04-07
• Investment required 02-04 2 FTEs

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Neutrino detectors
The Near Detector

• Need to develop detector concept
• Low mass, high rate neutrino detector - within UK
  competence (cost?)
• An apparatus similar in concept to LHC-b is
  required
• Polarised target

• Near detector requirements
• Muon/electron separation and charge determination
  for NC, CC cross section measurement
• Charm tagging through precision vertex detector
  (e.g. silicon)
• Particle identification (e.g. K/?/p separation)
• Background rejection active/passive shield,
  excellent time resolution

• Opportunity for UK leadership
• Establish RD into detector in order to identify
  key technologies and establish a detector
  concept/design in collaboration with UK industry
• Position UK to provide technological solutions
  and bid to provide significant fraction of
  detector in period 04-07
• Investment required 02-04 2 FTEs

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High Intensity Muon Facility

• A dedicated, high intensity, muon facility is
  required to
• Perform engineering demonstration of ionisation
  cooling
• Prototype and bench-test systems proposed for
  pion production, pion/muon capture and phase
  rotation
• Essential requirements of High Intensity Muon
  Facility
• An essentially cw beam of 103 - 104 Hz to
  demonstrate cooling channel works in principle
• An intense, bunched beam (109 - 1011 ? per 5 ns
  bunch) to demonstrate cooling of a bunched beam,
  demonstrate performance of phase rotation and
  capture systems
• A high intensity (1013 p/bunch) beam (protons) to
  perform blast test - i.e. demonstrate that
  elements of cooling channel can operate in
  intense radiation environment

Identified by ?Fct community world-wide at
NuFact00 as essential for progress
cf TTF (DESY), FFTB (SLAC) and CLIC-TF (CERN)
ISIS has highest current density proton beam
making it an ideal place to provide the High
Intensity Muon Facility
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High Intensity Muon Facility
P. Drumm (RAL)

• Opportunity for UK leadership
• Pressing need for HIMF through-out ?Fct
  community CERN goal is to mount engineering demo
  2005
• ISIS unique. UK opportunity to provide
  world-class facility
• Investment required 02-04 25M

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Summary of recommended UK RD for ?Fct in period
2002-2004