A%20vision%20for%20the%20future%20of%20INPE%20in%20the%2021st%20century

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A vision for the future of INPE in the 21st
century

• Gilberto Câmara, Director General
• National Institute for Space Research (INPE)
• Brazil

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A vision to follow....
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai (father of Indian space
program)
"There are some who question the relevance of
space activities in a developing nation. To us,
there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have
the fantasy of competing with the economically
advanced nations in the exploration of the moon
or the planets or manned space-flight. But we are
convinced that if we are to play a meaningful
role nationally, and in the community of nations,
we must be second to none in the application of
advanced technologies to the real problems of man
and society. "
3
A Vision for INPE in the 21st Century
Brazil will be an environmental power and the
first developed nation in the tropics

• INPE will be a world-class centre in Space and
  Environment RD for the tropical region

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INPE CONVERTING DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE
SATELLITES
Earth observation, scientific, and data
collection satellites
GROUND SYSTEMS
Satellite control, Reception, processing and
distribution of satellite data
ANALYSIS AND MODELLING
Space Weather, Weather Prediction and Earth
System Science
SOCIETAL BENEFITS
Innovative products to society
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INPEs space technology agenda

• Global EO Brazil as global player in earth
  observation

Bilateral agreements (China, Germany, UK)
Multilateral Agreements (CEOS, GEO)
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CEOS Virtual Constellations
Common requirements, independent satellites,
comparable data (CEOS Committee on Earth
Observation Systems)
Athmospheric Chemistry Air quality, CO2 Land Imaging (Brasil CBERS, Amazonia-1)
Ocean Surface Topography Climatic variability Precipitation (Brasil GPM-BR)
Ocean Colour (Brasil SABIA-MAR) Ocean Surface Winds
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Land Imaging Constellation
TERRA (ASTER MODIS)
IRS
LANDSAT
RESOURCESAT
ALOS
SAC-C
SPOT
CBERS
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Ocean Surface Topography Constellation
9
Satellites 2010-2020
2010
2020
2016
2014
2012
2011
2013
2015
2018
2017
2019
CBERS-5
CBERS-3
CBERS-4
CBERS-6
Amazônia-1
GPM-BR
Lattes-1
Lattes-2
Amazônia-2
SABIA-2
SABIA
MAPSAR
CBERS
Plataforma Multi-missão
Geostac.
GEO Met BR
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Satellites for Forestry and Agriculture
100
Technology 2000
MUX CBERS-3/4
50
Technology 2008
Mapping
Forestry
CCD CBERS-2/3/4
MUX CBERS-5/6
CBERS-SAR-2
Technology 2015
Land Use
Description
10
Revisit (days)
Deforestation Detection
CBERS-SAR-1
5
AWFI CBERS-3/4
AWFI CBERS-5/6
AWFI Amaz-1/2
WFI CBERS-2
Agriculture
Mapping
1
50
5
500
1
10
100
1000
Resolution (metres)
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CBERS satellites for the public good
CBERS-2B Launch (19 September 2007)
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CBERS Program Timeline
99 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023
CBERS-1
CBERS-2
CBERS-2B (em oper)
CBERS-3 (em fabric)
CBERS-4 (em fabric)
CBERS-5 (planej)
CBERS-6 (planej)
Set/99
Mar/03
Out/03
Mar/09
Set/07
Jun/11
Set/14
Set/17
Set/20
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LIT Integration and Tests Lab
Complete infrastructure for assembly, integration
and tests of satellites 70,000 man-hours per
year for industrial testing 
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Integration of CBERS-2B in INPE (2006-2007)
Assembly, integration and test (AIT) facilities
at INPE
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CBERS platform
CBERS 1, 2, 2B CBERS 3, 4
Mass 1450 kg 1980 kg
Electrical Power 1100 W 2300 W
Payload Bit Rate 166 Mbps 303 Mbps
Lifetime 2 years 3 years
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LIT New anechoic chamber(2009)
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CBERS-3 Construction (2008-2010)
President Lula's visit to CAST - CBERS-3
engineering model of the (20-05-2009) 
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CBERS-3,4 Work Share
China Brazil
TCS - Thermal Control Structure
AOCS - Attitude Control EPSS - Electrical Power Supply
OBDH - Onboard Data Handling TTCS Service Telecommunications
SCS - System Circuitry MUX camera (20m)
PAN camera (5m) WFI-2 camera (73m)
IRS camera (40m) DDR Data Recorder
SEM Space Environment DCS Data Collecting
PIT Data Transmitter MWT Data Transmitter
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CBERS 3 4 Cameras
Visible Near IR
Thermal IR
Short wave IR
Reflected IR
AWFI 60 m (720 km)
IRMSS 40 m (120 km)
CCD 20 m (120 km)

MUX 5/10 m(60 km)
3.7
3.5
3.9
2.3
1.5
1.7
2.1
10
12
0.4
0.7
0.9
0.5
µm
Brasil
China
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CBERS industrial contracts
Company
OPTO R 85.100.052.10
OMNISYS R 3.040.614.08
OMNISYS R 10.188.733.26
AEROELETRONICA R 24.704.596.56
CENIC R 49.442.106.58
MECTRON R 11.664.560.07
OPTO/EQUATORIAL R 60.589.870.55
OMNISYS R 39.976.407.51
MECTRON R 7.858.848.00
NEURON R 2.772.054.75
OMNISYS R 14.884.414.17
ORBITAL R 5.319.287.59
ORBISAT R 800.000.00
FUNCATE R 329.560.00
CENIC R 3.459.986.00
R 320.131.091.22
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Multimission platform
A common support for different Earth observation
missions
600 a 1200 km orbit altitude 300 kg payload and
250 kg platform
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Amazônia-1 (cooperation with UK)
AWFI
0,45-0,52 B
0,52-0,59 G
Spectral Bands(?m)
0,63-0,69 R
0,77-0,89 NIR
Spatial resolution(m)
40
Ground swath(km)
780
5
Revisit (days)

• Global land imaging every 3 days together with
  CBERS-3
• (RAL-UK will alsoinclude a 10-meter camera)

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PMM Contratos industriais
Estrutura CENIC
Propulsão FIBRAFORTE
Suprimento Energia MECTRON
Telemetria de Serviço MECTRON
Gerenciamento das tarefas acima ATECH
Controle de atitude INVAP
Câmera AWFI OPTO
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Testes da PMM no INPE-LIT (2008)
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Brazilian optical camera technology
Amazônia-1 AWFI (R 38 M)
780 km swath
40 m resolution
60 m resolution
CBERS-AWFI (R 60 M)
720 km swath
CBERS-CCD (R 85 M)
120 km swath 20m res
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RAL-CAM 3 (UK contribution to Amazonia-1)

Pixels in the array 8,800
Resolution 11.9m
Size (mm3) 750x145x145
Mass (kg) 9.95
Power 17V 1A (max)
Spectral Bands 470-570nm (short) 500-600nm (medium) 600-700nm (long) NIR 780-880nm
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Contrato ACDH - INVAP
ARSAT (satelite geoestacionário)
Preço e Qualidade Acesso à tecnologia Reuso nos
demais satélites da PMM Motivação da equipe do
INPE
Teste estrutural do SAC-D no LIT (2008)
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LATTES (EQUARS and MIRAX)
MIRAX Hard and soft X-rays
EQUARS Temperatura na Estratosfera Bolhas
ionosféricas Vapor dágua na Troposfera
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Global Precipitation Mission (GPM-BR)
Passive Microwave Sensor Lighting Detector
Brazilian contribution to GPM constellation
Near-equatorial orbit
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SABIA-MAR

• 16 bands 350-2130nm
• Swath 2800 km
• Resolution 1 km

Brasil-Argentina cooperation Ocean colour
measurement
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MAPSAR (Brazilian SAR)
Agriculture

• Global monitoring of terrestrial ecosystems
• L-band multi-polarized

Amazonia
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MAPSAR operation modes
ScanSAR Swath 560km Resolution 30 m x 30
m Global revisit 5 dias Polarization HHHV
StripMAP Swath 115km Resolution 14 m x 14
m Global revisit 25 dias Polarization HHHV
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CBSAR Operational CapabilitiesAmazonia in 5
days with 30 m resolution
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BRMET (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite)
Brazil needs images and meteorological data with
operational coverage (every 15 minutes) 
American (GOES) and European (Meteosat)
satellites does not meet the needs of Brazil 
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BRMET (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite)
BRMET (50 W)
BRMET satellite dedicated to the observation of
South America 
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BRMET (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite)
Precipitação por satélite
Temperatura superfície mar
BRMET Better weather forecasts and improved
service to society 
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CBERS 05/06 Preliminary proposal
Continuity of CBERS optical data  Medium
resolution (5-20 m) Frequent Coverage
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Câmeras do CBERS 5 6 (em discussão)
Visible Near IR
Medium wave IR
Short wave IR
Thermal IR
IRMSS 20 m (120 km)
AWFI-2 20 m (720 km)

MUX 5/10 m (120 km)
3.7
3.5
3.9
2.3
1.5
1.7
2.1
10
12
0.4
0.7
0.9
0.5
µm
Built by Brazil
Built by China
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INPE CONVERTING DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE
SATELLITES
Earth observation, scientific, and data
collection satellites
GROUND SYSTEMS
Satellite control, Reception, processing and
distribution of satellite data
ANALYSIS AND MODELLING
Space Weather, Weather Prediction and Earth
System Science
SOCIETAL BENEFITS
Innovative products to society
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INPEs ground systems
Cuiaba image reception station
Satellite control center (São José)
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Earth observation key to understand changes in
Brazil
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(No Transcript)
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CBERS-2B HRC (PAN - 2,7 m) CCD (multispectral,
20 m) São Felix do Xingu, Pará, June 2008
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Image Distribution CBERS and LANDSAT (2004-2008)
User institutions (51 are private companies) 16,000
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CBERS in Private Farm Management
CBERS brought the freedom to have data
immediately available when you need it.
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CBERS as a global satellite
Miyun
Urumchi
Aswan
Maspalomas
Ghuangzhou
Chetumal
Bangcoc
Gabon(?)
Nairobi(?)
Boa Vista
Darwin(?)
Cuiabá
Alice Springs (?)
Joburg
CBERS ground stations will cover most of the
Earths land mass between 300N and 300S
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A few satellites can cover the entire globe, but
there needs to be a system in place to ensure
their images are readily available to everyone
who needs them. Brazil has set an important
precedent by making its Earth-observation data
available, and the rest of the world should
follow suit.
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INPE CONVERTING DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE
SATELLITES
Earth observation, scientific, and data
collection satellites
GROUND SYSTEMS
Satellite control, Reception, processing and
distribution of satellite data
ANALYSIS AND MODELLING
Space Weather, Weather Prediction and Earth
System Science
SOCIETAL BENEFITS
Innovative products to society
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RD Programs at INPE (1)
Space Weather
Numerical Weather Prediction
Astrophysics
Climate Change and Earth System Science
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RD Programs at INPE (2)
Mission-critical Technologies
Satellite Technology
Monitoring Amazonia
Earth Observation
Computer Science
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Effects of Space Weather
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Space Weather Monitoring
Cintilação ionosfera
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RD in Remote Sensing
road
Mudanças no Uso da Terra
deforestation objects
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RD in Geoinformatics
Modelagem sociedade-natureza
Bancos de dados geográficos

• Software livre 100.000 usuários cadastrados
• Suporte ao monitoramento da Amazônia
• Produção de cenários futuros

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Numerical Weather Prediction at INPE
Forecast Preparation
Global Weather Data
PCD
Numerical Weather Products
Supercomputer
Media Information
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Performance evolution of INPEs global weather
prediction model
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Pollution (CO) from fires, industries and cars
CO Forecast CPTEC 16-04-2008 valid for
17-04-2008
MODIS image 17-04-2008
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INPEs supercomputers and worlds TOP 500
1 trend
Sum top 500
150 TF
500 trend
5 TF
2 TF
40 GF
INPE (MPP equivalent peak performance)
8 GF
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Rains in Santa Catarina November 2008
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Rain forecast by the ETA 20km model (maximum of
150mm in 3 days.)
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ETA model (5 km) with better cloud
parametrization (Kain-Fritsch). Rain forecast
much closer to observations!
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The fundamental question of our time
How is the Earths environment changing, and what
are the consequences for human civilization?
How is the Earths environment changing, and what
are the consequences for human civilization?
source IGBP
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Climate Change Modelling
LargeScale Data
Megascenarios
PetaFlop Centres
Índice de Vegetação
Regional Centers (e.g., INPE)
Regional Scenarios
Policy Options
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Earth system science provides crucial links
between nature and society
Nature Physical equations describe processes
Society Decisions on how to use Earths
resources
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Aumento dos extremos climáticos?
Aumento de número de dias com chuva gt 10 mm
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Average temp raised 0.70 C in 50 years in Brazil
source Obregón and Marengo, 2007
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Precipitation anomalies (2071-2100)- (1961-90)
in mm/day
Seco
Seco
Seco
Seco
A2
B2
Climate change scenarios in Brazil
Quente
Quente
B2
A2
Temperature anomalies (2071-2100)- (1961-90) in
oC
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Impacts on Agriculture
Fonte Eduardo Assad, Embrapa
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Impacts on Water Availability in NE Brazil
Hidrological Balance NE Brazil
1961-1990

Less Water for Agriculture!
2071-2100
Source Marengo and Salati, 2007
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INPE CONVERTING DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE
SATELLITES
Earth observation, scientific, and data
collection satellites
GROUND SYSTEMS
Satellite control, Reception, processing and
distribution of satellite data
ANALYSIS AND MODELLING
Space Weather, Weather Prediction and Earth
System Science
SOCIETAL BENEFITS
Innovative products to society
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INPEs contributions to society
Energy
Ecosystems
Agriculture
Health
Disasters
Climate
Urban Mngt
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INPEs products
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Social benefits of Brazilian Satellites
CBERS AMZ-1 GPM-BR SABIA BRSAR BRMET
Energy ? ?
Ecosystems ? ? ? ?
Health ? ?
Agriculture ? ? ? ? ?
Disasters ? ? ? ?
Climate ? ? ?
Urban Mngt ?
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Weather forecasts
Produtos numéricos
Previsão de tempo
Previsão climática sazonal
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Air quality
Previsão de qualidade do ar (CO) 16-04-2008
valida for 17-04-2008
Verificação por imagem MODIS 17-04-2008
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PRODES Clear-cut deforestation mapping
230 scenes Landsat/year
Yearly detailed estimates of clear-cut areas
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DETER Real-time Deforestation Monitoring
15-day alerts of newly deforested large areas
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International credibility helps
Today, Brazils monitoring system is the envy of
the world. INPE has its own remote sensing
satellite, a joint effort with China, that allows
it to publish yearly totals of deforested land
that scientists regard as reliable.
TerraAmazon
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Transparency builds governance
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Transparency builds governance
500.000 registrations 46 million protests
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CANASAT Sugar cane area mapping
State Área (ha) for 2007-2008 Área (ha) for 2007-2008 Área (ha) for 2007-2008
State Crop Reform Total
Goiás 308.840 19.451 328.291
Minas Gerais 463.007 20.159 483.166
Mato Grosso 217.762 19.913 237.675
Mato Grosso do Sul 212.551 14.406 226.957
Paraná 514.678 26.525 541.203
São Paulo 3.946.370 278.201 4.224.571
Total 5.663.208 378.655 6.041.863
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Espaço e Sociedade Geoinformática em suporte a
políticas públicas
Mapeamento de violência urbana
Saúde Pública
Software livre para gestão cidades
Hepatite-B em Macapá
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Challenge increasing space RD in Brazil
País Agência Orçamento Anual (US milhões)
EUA NASA 17.300
Europa ESA 3.000
China CNSA 2.000
Japão JAXA 1.800
Índia ISRO 1.300
Brasil AEB 120
Dados de 2008
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O INPE produz cada vez mais...
...mas enfrenta um risco grave gente!
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Cérebros, cérebros, cérebros!
Não temos para quem transmitir nossa experiência!
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INPEs Budget-2002-2009 (BRL)
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INPEs Budget-2002-2009 (BRL)
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EO data benefits to everyone
Some lessons from INPEs history
Develop research and applications before
satellites Focus on Earth Observation and
Environment Science and engineering belong
together