Title: Full Fuel Cycle Emission Reduction through the replacement of ICEVs with BEVs
1Full Fuel Cycle Emission Reduction through the
replacement of ICEVs with BEVs
By Tom Lewinson, P.Eng Executive Director,
Electric Vehicle Association of Canada
2Who What is EVAC?
- EVAC is a national, non-profit industry
association - Members are organizations having a current or
potential stake in the development and
commercialization of EVs in Canada - Includes BEV, HEV, FCEV, E-Bikes, LSV,
industrial. - EVACs mission is to be the premier advocate for
Canadas electric transportation industry and to
be clearly recognized as the voice of this
rapidly evolving, dynamic industry. - Membership includes
- Automakers, Electric Utilities, RD companies,
Component Manufacturers, - Govt Departments
3Simplified Project Description
- If an average ICE vehicle which is operating in
the Lower Fraser Valley in the year 2005 was
replaced by a battery electric vehicle (BEV),
what would the resulting emissions change be? - What if the BEV was refueled by electricity
produced by various generating methods like those
found in other provinces?
4Results Not Just for Lower Fraser Valley
- This study is
- Transportable between all regions and provinces
- This means that the results can be applied to all
regions and provinces with the same level of
accuracy as is implied by the data for the
specific test scenario, namely Lower Fraser
Valley.
5Credibility is Essential !
- Model EVCalc developed through Environment
Canada Funding - Health Canada contract for this analysis
- Model Analysis reviewed commented by
- Health Canada, Environment Canada, NRCan
- GVRDA (Greater Vancouver Regional District
Authority) - Argonne National Labs
- Ford Motor Company, General Motors
- BC Hydro, Hydro Quebec
- RWDI
6ICE Emissions Accounted in Analysis
- ICE analysis included
- Emissions due to mining, production and
transportation of Gasoline - Total exhaust pipe CO2 non-CO2 emissions of ICE
Vehicles in Lower Fraser Valley in 2005 based on
average on-road fleet - ICE analysis did not include
- Emissions due to brake wear
- Emissions due to production/refinement of motor
oil and other lubricants. - Emissions due to idling of vehicles for
preheating purposes - Emissions due to production of the vehicle
7EV Emissions Accounted in Analysis
- EV analysis included
- Emissions due to mining, production and
transportation of fuel for electricity generation - Emission of electric utilities based on
generation method. - EV analysis did not include
- Emissions due to brake wear
- Emissions due to operation of heaters for purpose
of preheating cabins - Emissions due to production of the vehicle
8Annual Energy Consumption (Vehicle Only)
( 986 x 8.78 ) / 1,117 7.75
EVs are 7.5 times more efficient !!!
9 Energy Consumed by EV vs ICEV (Full Fuel Cycle)
For Full Fuel Cycle EVs are 2 to 7.5 times
more efficient !!!
10Emissions Produced by EVs vs ICEVs
- GHGs EVs produce
- 50 lower emissions (coal)
- Zero emissions (hydro or nuclear)
- Non CO2 emissions EVs produce
- 80 lower emissions (coal)
- Zero emissions (hydro or nuclear)
- 99.5 lower emissions (Natural Gas)
11Drivers for Technological Innovation