Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic

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... normal. Physical interactions between people. Uncoordinated passing of bottlenecks. Arching/clogging at exits ... Transition to uncoordination due to clogging ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic


1
Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic
  • Dirk Helbing, Illés Farkas, and Tamás Vicsek
  • Alex Turek

2
Stampedes
  • People trying to move faster than normal
  • Physical interactions between people
  • Uncoordinated passing of bottlenecks
  • Arching/clogging at exits
  • Dangerous pressures within jammed crowd (up to
    4,450 N/m)

3
Stampedes (contd)
  • Injured/fallen people turn into obstacles
  • Tendency of mass behavior, i.e. herd instinct
  • Alternative exits are overlooked or underused

4
Studying Stampedes
  • Mostly social psychology (mentality of herd
    behavior)
  • Helbing et al. attempted to model them using
    self-driven particle systems
  • Combine socio-psychological and physical forces

5
A Single Particle
  • Affected by multiple forces
  • Desired Velocity and associated acceleration
  • Interaction forces

6
Desired Velocity Force
  • Helbing et al. specified these parameters
  • vi0 (Desired velocity)
  • 0.6 m/s Relaxed
  • 1.0 m/s Normal
  • 1.5 m/s Nervous
  • gt1.5 m/s Panic (transition to uncoordinated
    bottleneck behavior)

7
Interaction Forces
  • Psychological desire to have room between you and
    another person
  • Psychological desire to not be too close to the
    walls

F
F
8
Interaction Forces
  • Body force counteracting body compression
  • Sliding friction force counteracting movement
    tangential to something youre in contact with

F
F
F
9
Measured Effects Transition to uncoordination
due to clogging
  • Arch-like bunching, with avalanche effect when
    arches break (demo)

10
Measured Effects Faster-is-Slower Effect
  • Attempting to have too high a vi0
  • High interpersonal friction becoming the dominant
    force at a bottleneck
  • Buildup of forces causing extremely high
    pressures, and injuries (demo)
  • Asymmetrical columns can improve outflow and
    prevent buildup of fatal pressures (demo)

11
Measured Effects Faster-is-Slower Effect
  • Jamming can occur at widening of escape routes
    (demo)

12
Measured Effects Mass Behavior
  • Individualism vs. Herd behavior
  • Each pedestrian may either select individual
    direction, follow avg. direction of his neighbors
    in a certain radius, or a mixture of both,
    weighted by panic parameter pi. (demo)

Desired direction at time t
13
Measured Effects Mass Behavior
  • Both have drawbacks
  • All individualistic means no one will learn from
    anyone else (demo)
  • All herding means no exploration for other exits
    (demo)

14
Measured Data
Leaving time vs. Desired velocity
15
Measured Data
Leaving time for 80 people, given different
combinations of individualistic and herding
behavior
16
Questions?
  • Cited Paper
  • Helbing, Farkas, Vicsek.
  • Simulating Dynamical Features of Escape Panic.
    2000
  • http//www.eecs.ucf.edu/lboloni/Teaching/EEL6938_
    2007/papers/Helbing-EscapePanic.pdf
  • Presentation by Alex Turek
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