Title: Computer and Internet Technology Development and its Impact on Other Technologies
1Computer and Internet Technology Development and
its Impact on Other Technologies
- Dr. H. E. (Buster) Dunsmore
- Purdue University
- Department of Computer Sciences
2- Nature of Computer technology and Internet
technology has changed a lot in the past 10 years
and will change a lot in the next 10 years - Most of you in 1991 had not even heard of
Internet, World-Wide Web, Networks, Personal
Digital Assistant (PDA), Windows NT, Linux - These are all now part of Computer Technology and
Internet technology
3- What will we be talking about in 2011?
- What new Computer and Internet Technology is
being developed that will be commonplace in a few
years? - Some things seem promising, but may become
equivalent of Betamax and 8-track tapes - Look at some areas of Computer and Internet
Technology development
4Networking Technology
Power-Line Networking
Way to connect computers in home or office using
electrical wiring
5Power-Line Networking
- More convenient than phone lines
- Connect computer to network through the outlet
that provides power - Data travels through electrical wiring
- Requires no new wiring and adds no cost to
electric bill - Power-line networking is inexpensive method for
connecting computers in different places in home
or office
6Wireless Networking
- Creates network by sending infrared or radio
signals between computers - Better than Power-line networking some computers
are not plugged in to electrical outlet - Laptop with wireless network card is completely
portable throughout home or office - IrDA (Infrared Direct Access) is standard for
devices to communicate using infrared light
pulses
7Wireless Networking
- Infrared devices must be in direct line of sight
with each other (like TV remote which uses same
infrared technology) - Infrared is almost always one to one technology
- Radio signals better because no line of sight
requirement and ability to broadcast to multiple
recipients
8Bluetooth
- Bluetooth is new standard being developed by a
group of electronics manufacturers - Will allow any sort of electronic equipment to
communicate with each other - Can be used among computers, keyboard, mouse,
printer, headphone, cell phone - Bluetooth-like radio communications should take
place of wires or infrared signals for connecting
devices
9Bluetooth
- Very small radio module to be built into each
device - Wireless No need for cables or cords to any
device
10Bluetooth
- Inexpensive Should add only about 5-10 to price
of product - Simple Devices find one another and strike up
conversation without any work on your part - Why is it called Bluetooth?
- Harald Bluetooth was king of Denmark around the
turn of the last millenium - He united Denmark and part of Norway into a
single kingdom
11Airborne Internet
- Satellite Internet access already commonplace
- Satellites orbit at several hundreds of miles
above Earth - Imagine airplane-like device at approximately
60,000 feet - Aircraft will be undisturbed by inclement weather
and will be flying well above commercial air
traffic
12Airborne Internet
13Airborne Internet
- All satellite benefits without some of the
problems - Consumers would get connections comparable to
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) - High-speed wireless Internet connection by
placing aircraft in fixed pattern over city - Could be lightweight planes (possibly unmanned)
or blimps
14Airborne Internet
- Airborne Internet will function much like
satellite-based Internet access, but without time
delay - Cost advantage over satellites aircraft can be
deployed easily do not have to be launched into
space - Airborne Internet could even complement satellite
and ground-based networks, not replace them
15Impact and Opportunity?
- Impact Possibility of constant connection to
network anywhere, any time - Benefit Ease of connecting all computers and
related devices - Challenges How to make most efficient use
of the computing power, software, and tools
always available - How to build the most useful software and
tools
16Internet Technology
Application Service Provider (ASP)
- Access over the Internet to applications and
services that would otherwise have to be located
on ones own personal computer - Email, text editor, financial modeling
software, Computer Aided Design (CAD) software,
simulation software,..
17Storage Service Provider (SSP)
- Centralized data storage, which will increase
efficiency and ease of access to information, as
well as synchronization of information among
users and machines - Wherever you are, that is your computer!
18The Next Generation Internet
- About 120 universities and 25 corporate
sponsors are working on better Internet
infrastructure Internet 2
19The Next Generation Internet
- Larger bandwidth
- Faster speeds
- Better reliability
- Better security
- Better compression techniques (smaller files to
be transmitted) - Caching leaving copies around closer to the
point of need - All developments will eventually become part of
standard internet
20Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
- Todays Internet uses Internet Protocol Version
4 (IPv4) approximately 20 years old - Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) (also called
IPng) will eventually replace IPv4
21Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6)
- IPv6 fixes a number of problems in IPv4, such as
limited number of available IPv4 addresses - IPv6 goes from 32 to 128 bits per address
- If whole Earth was a beach, more than enough IP
addresses for every grain of sand ... hope that
will be enough - IPv6 also routes messages better, auto-configures
for missing computers, and includes security
components for encryption and authentication
22Decision Support Systems, Expert Systems
If Internet becomes repository of all knowledge,
how best to use it?
Decision Support Systems (DSS) access data,
sophisticated analytical models, user-friendly
interfaces
23Decision Support Systems, Expert Systems
- Can make repetitive, routine decisions with known
algorithms - Can provide alternatives and possible outcomes
for more elaborate decisions - Expert Systems (ES) capture decision-making rules
used by experts - Interaction with human user and available data
evolved toward decision - Neural networks can imitate DSS and ES and learn
to make decisions
24Impact and Opportunity?
- Impact Internet will provide fast access to
enormous amount of information and tools for
using that information - Benefit Immediate access for all kinds of
information in a variety of formats (text, sound,
image, video) - Ability to make decisions based on all
available information not just subset - Decision tools that represent best wisdom of all
experts - Challenge How to sift through enormous quantity
of information and tools available to decide what
to use in any given situation
25Consumer Computer Technology
Plastic Displays
- Researchers have recently made breakthroughs in
developing displays out of polyethylene
terephthalate (PET) - Thin, flexible, rugged plastic that you can bend,
roll up, fold, or form into practically any shape
26Plastic Displays
- Mass production of plastic displays is
approximately five years away - Applications could include notebook and desktop
displays, hand-held appliances - Also, wearable displays sewn into clothing, and
paper thin electronic books and newspapers
27Electronic Digital Paper
- Developed at Xerox Palo Alto Research Center
(PARC), electronic paper is new kind of display - Somewhere between paper and conventional computer
screen
28Electronic Digital Paper
- Like paper, it is thin, lightweight, and flexible
- Like computer display, it is dynamic and
rewritable - Wide range of potential applications, including
- Electronic paper newspapers offering breaking
news, incoming sports scores, and up to the
minute stock quotes, even as paper is being read - Electronic paper magazines that continually
update with breaking information and make use of
animated images or movie pictures - Electronic paper textbooks, which could be
updated as technology changes
29Electronic Digital Paper
- Electronic paper utilizes new display technology
called gyricon - A gyricon sheet is thin layer of transparent
plastic in which millions of small beads, like
toner particles, are randomly dispersed - Beads are bichromal, with hemispheres of
contrasting color - Under influence of voltage applied to surface of
sheet, beads rotate to present one colored side
or the other to the viewer - Image will persist until new voltage patterns are
applied to create new images
30Power Paper
- Computers and other electronic devices becoming
thinner and thinner - Soon laptop computer could be as thin as a sheet
of paper - Power supplies must slim down as well
- Power Paper, an Israel-based company, has
developed paper-thin battery technology
31Power Paper
- Power electronic devices, games, greeting cards,
smart cards, luggage tags, medical devices - Imagine smart tickets to sporting events to avoid
counterfeiting and give directions to seat - Could be very useful in computerized clothing and
wearable computers - Power Paper cell will be one-half millimeter
thick, and will generate 1.5 volts
32Printable Computers
- Researchers developing ink-based, plastic
processor
33Printable Computers
- Printable computer components not designed to
replace silicon (about 100 times slower) - Plastic offers some benefits over silicon
- Silicon is rigid, while plastic chips are
flexible - Will lead to simple computers to give
intelligence to everyday objects - Could be integrated into clothes, food labels,
simple appliances, toys
34Wearable Computers
- Obvious applications like hearing aids with sound
enhancement software - Glasses with multi-informational display about
what is being seen, where you are - Wrist computers, PDAs, cell phones
- Next step is computerized clothing
- Including computers in standard clothing items
like shoes, pants, shirts, jackets, beltseven
underwear
35Wearable Computers
- Uses include.
- Health related monitor blood pressure, pulse
rate, blood sugar, useful for life threatening
conditions that need continual monitoring - Navigation directions, maps, airline
information, restaurant and hotel information - Safety and security connections to police,
fire, medical, auto towing and repair - Entertainment music, news, video, sporting
events
36Wearable Computers
- Some of these devices already making their way
into consumer market - Working to integrate computers and related
devices directly into clothing, so that they are
virtually invisible - Interaction via sensors, all fabric keypads,
speakers, voice recognition receivers, thin
light-emitting diode (LED) monitors, flat screen
(plastic) displays, holographic projectors - Another step in making computers and devices
portable without having to carry and manipulate
plethora of gadgets
37Computers in Every Imaginable Item
- Appliances Home security, heating/air
conditioning, refrigerator, oven, dishwasher,
lighting system, entertainment systems, washer,
dryer, garage door opener, watering systems - Vehicles cars, bicycles, lawn mowers, snow
blowers, chain saws
38Voice Recognition
- Many of above will operate via voice commands
- Next 3-5 years will bring major advances in
speech recognition - Voice is converted into phonemes (basic elements
of speech) - English language has approximately 50 phonemes
39Voice Recognition
- Phonemes compared to dictionary of words stored
via phonemes - Words then translated into computer commands like
Display nearest gas station? - Limited vocabulary systems and systems trained to
particular persons speech will be very fast and
precise - Voice recognition requires tremendous storage and
processing power no problem
40Impact and Opportunity?
- Impact Every conceivable device can have
computer embedded in it - Benefit Any mundane activity (like monitoring
supply of food in refrigerator) or complex
activity (like amplifying only specific sound
frequencies in hearing aid) can be done by
computer - Challenge How to design most useful cadre of
consumer computers to aid without overwhelming us
humans
41Computer Processors and Storage Technology
Magnetic Ram
- Magnetic Random Access Memory (MRAM) has
potential to store more data, access data faster,
use less power than current memory technologies - Could eliminate computer boot up sequence
- Todays memory Dynamic RAM (DRAM) needs to be
supplied with constant current to store bits of
data
42Magnetic Ram
- If current turned off, everything has to be
stored again - In MRAM, small amount of electricity needed only
to switch polarity (1 or 0) of each memory cell
on the chipnot to maintain that value
43Holographic Storage Technologies
- CDs, DVDs, and magnetic storage all store bits of
information on the surface of a recording medium - To increase storage capabilities, new optical
storage method, called holographic memory, will
go beneath the surface and use volume of
recording medium for storage - Could offer more storage in same space
44Extreme-Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) Chips
- Current silicon technology used to make
microprocessors will begin to reach its limit
around 2005 - Other technologies necessary to cram more
transistors onto silicon to create more powerful
chips - Extreme-ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) way to
extend life of silicon at least until the end of
the decade
45Extreme-Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) Chips
- Using extreme-ultraviolet light to carve
transistors in silicon wafers will lead to
microprocessors as much as 100 times faster than
todays most powerful chips - Memory chips with similar increases in storage
capacity
46DNA Computers
- Microprocessors made of silicon will eventually
reach their limits of speed and miniaturization
- Chip makers need new material to produce faster
computing speeds - Millions of natural supercomputers exist in
living organisms - DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecules have
potential to perform calculations many times
faster than the worlds most powerful human-built
supercomputers
47DNA Computers
- DNA might one day be integrated on a computer
chip to create a so-called biochip that will push
computers even faster - DNA molecules have already been harnessed to
perform complex mathematical problems - Large supply of DNA makes it a cheap resource
- DNAs key advantage is that it will make
computers smaller, while holding more data, than
any computer that has come before
48DNA Computers
- One pound of DNA has the capacity to store more
information than all electronic computers ever
built - Teardrop-sized DNA computer will be more powerful
than worlds current most powerful supercomputer - Unlike conventional linear computers, DNA
computers perform calculations in parallel
49Impact and Opportunity?
- Impact Computers will be smaller, faster,
quicker with enormous amounts of storage capacity - Benefit Any imaginable task can be programmed to
be executed in real time (like monitoring
aspects of nuclear reactor) - Challenge What is the most cost-effective use of
these technologies? - How can we keep the smaller, faster, quicker
development going?
50Some Far Out Potential Future Developments
The Forgotten Senses (Touch, Smell, Taste)
- Research on computer use for vision-impaired
leading to touch screens with digitally-controlled
raised surfaces - Digital Scent Synthesizer
51The Forgotten Senses(Touch, Smell, Taste)
- Indexed thousands of smells based on chemical
structure and place on scent spectrum - Each scent is coded and digitized into small file
- Digital file is embedded in Web content or email
(much like image file) - User may request scent or may be unleashed
automatically - Create thousands of everyday scents with small
cartridge containing 128 primary odors - Similar research going on in digital taste
synthesis
52Robotics
- Because of advances in processors, memory,
decision support systems, expert systems,
sensors. - Todays crude robots will become thinking
machines, capable of behavior that mimics reason,
emotion, common sense, speech, vision, locomotion
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