Human Issues In Computing

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Human Issues In Computing

• Presented By
• Muhammad Hammad Lodhi
• CIN 221336696

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Topic

• Beam Robotics

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• The word "beam" in BEAM robotics is an acronym
  for Biology, Electronics, Aesthetics, and
  Mechanics.

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• This is a term that refers to a style of
  robotics that primarily uses simple analog
  circuits instead of a microprocessor in order to
  produce an unusually simple design (in comparison
  to traditional mobile robots) that trades
  flexibility for robustness and efficiency in
  performing the task for which it was designed.

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Mechanisms and Principles

• The basic BEAM principles focus on a
  stimulus-response based ability within a machine.
  The underlying mechanism was invented by Mark W.
  Tilden where the circuit is used to simulate
  biological neuron behaviors. Some similar
  research was previously done by Ed Rietman in
  'Experiments In Artificial Neural Networks'.
  Tilden's circuit is often compared to a shift
  register, but with several important features
  making it a useful circuit in a mobile robot.

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Shift Register

• In digital circuits a shift register is a
  group of registers set up in a linear fashion
  which have their inputs and outputs connected
  together in such a way that the data is shifted
  down the line when the circuit is activated.

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Types

• Serial-In, Serial-Out

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• Serial-In, Parallel-Out

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• Parallel-In, Serial-Out

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Disputes in the name

• Various people have varying ideas about what
  BEAM actually stands for. The most widely
  accepted meaning is Biology, Electronics,
  Aesthetics, and Mechanics. However, there are
  many other semi-popular names in use, including
• Biotechnology Ethnology Analogy Morphology
• Building Evolution Anarchy Modularity

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Types

• Audiotropes react to sound sources.
• Phototropes ("light-seekers") react to light
  sources.
• Radiotropes react to radio frequency sources.
• Thermotropes react to heat sources.

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General

• Sitters Unmoving robots that have a physically
  passive purpose.
• Squirmers Stationary robots that perform an
  interesting action (usually by moving some sort
  of limbs or appendages).
• Sliders Robots that move by sliding body parts
  smoothly along a surface while remaining in
  contact with it.

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• Crawlers Robots that move using tracks or by
  rolling the robot's body with some sort of
  appendage. The body of the robot is not dragged
  on the ground .
• Jumpers Robots which propel themselves off the
  ground as a means of locomotion.
• Rollers Robots that move by rolling all or part
  of their body.

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• Walkers Robots that move using legs with
  differential ground contact.
• Swimmers Robots that move on or below the
  surface of a liquid (typically water).
• Fliers Robots that move through the air for
  sustained periods.
• Climbers Robot that moves up or down a vertical
  surface, usually on a track such as a rope or
  wire.

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• THANK YOU