Colombian Market Stress Experiences

1
Colombian Market Stress Experiences
Luis Alejandro Camargo S. Wholesale Market
Manager XM S.A. E.S.P.
2
Situation Terrorism on Power Lines
3
Terrorist Attacks To The Transmission Grid
Terrorism against the National high voltage Grid
System
4
We operated n- 55 in May of 2002
5
Despite the attacks, no overall blackouts have
affected the market
Non-served demand (as a percentage of the annual
electricity demand)
6
Rules To Guarantee Security

• Voltage should not be under 90 or over 110 of
  nominal value (over 105 at 500 kV)
• The reactive power on generation units must
  follow their capacity curves
• Establish specific voltage levels on different
  special points/nodes on the system
• The system should maintain operating even with a
  three phase fault, cleared using the principal
  protection
• Generators must oscillate on a damp and
  consistent way
• If a grid element goes out, there should not be
  additional trips, in order to avoid cascade events

7
Reliability

• Current Probabilistic Method (formerly classic
  N-1)
• Outage Probability of Elements (1 year history)
• Rationing caused by outage of elements
• Electric-Area Reliability Criterion
• Information System to Gather Data
• Market participants must deliver information
• Gathering information through ISO
• Design strategies for
• High Availability of equipments
• Minimum of events

8
ECONOMIC DISPATCH IN COLOMBIA
MARKET FUNCTIONS
OPERATION PLANNING FUNTIONS
Offer Price Curve for International
Transaction (TIE)
Day Ahead Dispatch
Price Offer's
IDEAL DISPATCH
REAL DISPATCH
Without Network Generations Technical
Characteristics
Network Generations Technical Characteristics
Marginal Price Congestions
FINAL DISPATCH
Reliability Signals
Current Day Dispatch
REAL TIME OPERATION
Settlement
9
ESTYRA In House Application Development

• After the market dispatch is calculated, a
  electric analysis team check the system security.
  This can be done by
• Conventional approach (DIgSILENT - Power
  factory)
• ESTYRA
• Transitory Stability Estimated
• Overload Estimated
• Redispatch

10
Real Time Oscillation Monitoring

• Frequency measure
• Indication of Damping
• Possible Generation Changes
• Generations Control Settings Changes (Adjust PSS)
• Real time Detection of Oscillation
• Reinforcement of the National Grid

11
Real Time Oscillation Monitoring
Frequency vs Damping

• Even though about 10.000 oscillations were
  detected with the frequency and oscillation
  network F_at_OSnet, 96 of them have remain below
  60 seconds

Damping
0.70 Hz Coast-Central
0.45 Hz Colombia-Ecuador
0.22 Hz Colombia-Venezuela
InterArea modes
12
Critical factors to deal with terrorism on Power
Lines

• Generating plants availability and coordination
• Reliability indexes calculation
• Development of international networks
• Probabilistic criteria for planning and operation
• Development of software for real time transient
  stability analysis
• Frequency and oscillation measurement network
• Development of AGC schemes for isolated areas
• Reconfiguring power lines procedures
• Fast restoration schemes

13
Luis Alejandro Camargo S. lcamargo_at_xm.com.co