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KEY FACTS AFRICA TO EUROPE MIGRATION

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Title: KEY FACTS AFRICA TO EUROPE MIGRATION


1
KEY FACTS AFRICA TO EUROPE MIGRATION
  • Thousands of Africans try to make the journey to
    Europe each year as illegal migrants - risking
    people smugglers, deserts, sea crossings and the
    possibility of being sent home, all for the dream
    of a better life.

Source BBC
2
ECONOMIC PROFILES
  • SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
  • Life expectancy 47 years Population growth
    2.3 School enrolment, primary 65.7 HIV
    prevalence (aged 15-49) 5.8 Internet users
    (per 1,000 people) 29 Time to start a business
    61.5 days
  • EUROPEAN UNION
  • Life expectancy 80 years Population growth
    0.6 School enrolment, primary 98.9 HIV
    prevalence (aged 15-49) 0.3 Internet users
    (per 1,000 people) 439.4 Time to start a
    business 26.9 days

3
ROUTES TO EUROPE
  • The main aim of migrants is to reach European
    soil - be it mainland Europe or the Spanish
    enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla or islands in the
    Atlantic and Mediterranean.
  • The main departure points are
  • West coast of Africa Northern Mauritania,
    Western Sahara and southern Morocco from where
    most head for the Canary Islands.
  • Northern Morocco to cross into Ceuta and Melilla
    or cross the straits to Spain.
  • Tunisia and Libya for boats heading for Italy's
    island of Lampedusa, Sicily and Malta.
  • But first the migrants must cross great
    distances.

4
THE MAIN ROUTES
  • Route West African coastDestination Canary
    IslandsVia Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea,
    Guinea-Bissau, Senegal, The Gambia, Mauritania
    and Western Sahara to northern coast of
    MoroccoDangers sea crossing to CanariesWho
    Mainly migrants from these countries
  • Route Western SaharaDestination Canary
    IslandsVia Mali, Mauritania, Western Sahara or
    southern MoroccoDangers Crossing Sahara,
    guerrillasWho Mainly migrants from Ivory Coast,
    Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo and Benin
  • Route Central SaharaDestinations Canary
    Islands, Spain, ItalyVia Niger, northern
    Mauritania, Western Sahara or southern Morocco
    northern Morocco Tunisia or LibyaDangers
    Crossing desert and seaWho Mainly migrants from
    countries south of Niger, via Cameroon and
    Nigeria
  • Route Eastern SaharaDestinations Lampedusa,
    Sicily, and MaltaVia Tunisia and LibyaDangers
    Desert and sea crossingWho Mainly migrants from
    Sub-Sahara Africa
  • Route Horn of Africa to LibyaDestinations
    Lampedusa, Sicily, and MaltaVia SudanDangers
    Desert and sea crossingWho Mainly from Somalia
    and Ethiopia

5
SMUGGLERS' PRICES
  • BY SEA
  • Africa to Canary Islands1,000-1,500 euros
  • North Morocco to Spain1,000 euros
  • Libya to Italy1,500-2,000 euros
  • BY LAND
  • Sub-Sahara to Morocco1,000-2,000 euros
  • Through Mali 1,000 euros
  • Across Sahara1,700-3,400 euros
  • BY AIR/LAND/SEA
  • South Asia to Africa to Europe 9,000-16,000
    euros
  • Source UN

6
DESTINATION SPAIN
7
DESTINATION SPAIN
  • As the closest European country to the African
    continent, Spain is on the frontline for illegal
    migration. From there, migrants often make their
    way to other European countries.
  • Spain's enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla in northern
    Morocco are initial targets for many migrants.
    Once detained they can be expelled, repatriated
    or sent to mainland Spain, where many are
    reported to be released, pending expulsion.
  • The enclaves' authorities were forced to double
    the size of border fences around the coastal
    territories in 2005 when hundreds of migrants
    attempted to scale the defences. Two migrants
    were shot dead by a Moroccan guard.
  • For years, people have risked crossing the sea to
    get to mainland Spain, but in 2006 there was a
    closer focus on its islands - thousands headed
    for the Canary Islands in former African fishing
    boats, prompting an increase in joint "Frontex"
    patrol operations by Spain, the EU and African
    nations. But tightening security at one departure
    point simply seems to shift it elsewhere.

8
IMMIGRANTS IN EUROPE
  • The latest report on migration by the
    Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
    Development (OECD) says African migration to
    developed countries is marginal in relation to
    overall flows.
  • The majority of African migrants living overseas
    are in Europe - about 4.6m compared with 890,000
    in the US, according to the International
    Organization for Migration. But the Migration
    Policy Institute believes there are between seven
    and eight million irregular African immigrants
    living in the EU - the actual number changing
    depending on regularisation schemes in the member
    states.
  • About two-thirds of Africans in Europe are from
    north Africa (Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia). An
    increasing number are travelling from Sub-Saharan
    Africa, mainly heading for the former colonial
    powers of France, England, Germany and Italy.
  • Most Sub-Saharan migrants are from West Africa -
    Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal, in particular.
  • About 22,016 people reached Italy by boat in
    2006, down slightly from 2005. But the sea
    crossings are not without their dangers - it is
    thought hundreds die attempting to reach Europe.
    In June this year, 24 Africans drowned after a
    dinghy capsized south of Malta.

9
SENDING MONEY HOME
  • Having migrated, many migrants send money home to
    family they have left behind. Billions of dollars
    each year is sent back to Africa from the
    diasporas around the world - in some cases making
    up a sizeable chunk of the home country's GDP.
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