Preliminary Information about National Marine Policies in Viet Nam

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ENVIROMENTAL STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS IN
THE COASTAL AREA OF NHATRANG BAY Nguyen
Tac An Chairman of Vietnam National IOC
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Nhatrang a coastal city of beauty and wealth
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• Nha Trang (Khanh Hoa province) is a strong marine
  economic center in Vietnam, with important
  industries such as marine shipping, port
  industry, fishery, aquaculture, tourism
• Its development objectives focus simultaneously
  on the balance of three aspects economic, social
  and environmental
• Great attention is paid to the report on
  sustainable development from World Bank and IMF
  
• Main resources are geographical posision,human,
  cultural and marine resources, beautiful landscape

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Nhatrang and some of its resources
Cultural features
Beautiful landscape
Marine Resources
Salangane nest
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I. ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT IN
NHATRANG

• Development activities in Nhatrang
• - Nhatrang area 251 km², population 400,000
  (2006), estimated to increase to 500,000
  600,000 in 2020.
• - Annual GDP growth in Nhatrang 12, higher
  than that of the whole country (8)

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- Developments focused largely on 8 groups of
products 1. Tourism and urban-development 2.
Ship-building and repairing, mechanical and
electronical products 3. Seafood
agricultural products processing 4. Minerals
exploitation and processing
production of building materials 5. Forest
products processing-handicraft production 6.
Textile-garment products, garment accessories
7 Soft drink products 8. Infomation technology
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- Port, marine shipping and transportation, and
industrial activities Port and marine
shipping in Nhatrang formed early and is now one
of its strength Provincial industrial value
in 2007 reached 11,356 billion VND, increased by
12.4 compared with 2006
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Ports at Nhatrang1. Nhatrang port
(commercial)2. Cau Da tourism port3. Cu Lao
fishing port
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1
3
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Some industrial activities in Nha Trang
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- Tourism, service and urban development
activities In 2007, Nha Trang attracted
more 1,124,452 of arrivals, increased by
21.36 compared with 2006, making a turnover of
850.6 bilion VND, increased by 30.6. 802
hotels guest-houses with 8,945 rooms, 701
bussinesses deal in tourism service in Khanh Hoa.
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Hotels in Nhatrang
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Cutural and Tourism activities in Nhatrang
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Sea Festival 2007 inNha Trang
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• - Fisheries and aquaculture
• Fishery production value in 2007 1,259
  billlion VND, increased by 1.4 compared with
  2006 (70 from aquaculture, 30 from capture).
• Fishing yield in 2007 66,872 thousand tons,
  increased by 2.5
• Salangene nest production 2.310 kg, increased
  0,9.
• Aquaculture Tiger shrimp, lobster,
  greenmussel, grouper, pearl oyster, seaweeds etc.
  
• Tiger shrimp culture area in 2007 4,328 ha,
  increased by 0.7. Shrimp production 5,476 tons,
  increased by 6.4 shrimp seeds increased by
  1.2, reached 2,090 milion individuals, pearl
  production 848 kg, decreased 46.3.

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The lobster farming is developing strongest in
Khanh Hoa, with 30,000 cages, of which 8.472 are
in Nha Trang. However, lobster production in 2007
decreased by 51.4 to 595 tons, because of mass
mortality by diseases since July 2007, lost 200
billion VND. Khanh Hoa target up to year 2010
to incease fishing yield to 100-110 thousand
tons, aquaculture output 30-35 thousand tons,
aquaculture area 5000 - 5500 ha, and export
turnover to 300 million USD. - Investmentdevelopm
ent focus Nhatrang and its surroundings
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Fishing and Aquaculture in Nhatrang bay
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Oyster culture
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Environmental changes caused by socio-economic
activities

• General feature of Nhatrang bay
• Nhatrang bay has a surface area of 40,341 ha
  volume 6,798 million m3, 103 km coastline.
• Nhatrangs total runoff is lt 5,000m3/head/year,
  while nationals total runoff is
  13,000m3/head/year and that of the world is
  12,000 m3//head/year.
• Cai river basin 2,000km2, total water input
  389.8x109m3
• Cua Be river basin 83km2, total water input
  60,1.109m3.
• Lessons and experiences of other countries

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• Impacts of development projects on the coastal
  area of Nhatrang
• 1. Promoting the economic growth, creating jobs,
  improving the standard of living
• 2. Impacts on the environment pollution,
  eutrophication, disruption of ecological balance
• BOD average value in waste water from Khanhhoa
  fishery processing is 1.193 mg/l (ranging 773
  1976), average COD 1762 mg/l (1176 2815).

Water quality in Nhatrang Beach Field data
Parameter pH TSS mg/l BOD mg/l DO mg/l Zn mg/l Cu mg/l As mg/l HC mg/l Coliform cell/100ml
Avarage value 7,91 36,6 1,35 6,25 0,019 0,002 0,002 0,379 65775
Vietnam standard (5943-1995) 6,5-8,5 50 lt 20 ? 4 0,1 0,02 0,05 2 1000
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Eutrophic index in the coastal waters of Khanh Hoa
Polution at Nhatrang seabed and Cai estuary
Standard level Average level Eco. threshold Bad
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3. Seafood safety heavy metal accumulation,
harmful algal bloom... 4. Increasing the
conflicts and interests with other sectors
Red tide and dead fishes caused by harmful algal
bloom
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5. Biodiversity changes/loss and exhaustion of
marine resources
Habitats degradation coral coverage declined 31
in last 10 years Seagrass bed decreased to 1/3
in area Mangrove forest almost disappeared
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Biodiversity changes
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Exhaustion of marine resources
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Destructive fishing Thai fishing netin the
coastal waters of Khanh Hoa
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6. Impacts on the scenery, aesthetics, cutural
and human resources 7. Changes on the coastal
litho-dynamic processes, sedimentation,
erosion.... 8. Increase of natural disasters and
diseases resulted by human activites
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Coastline erosion
Landfill for coastal reclaim partly burying
branching corals, releasing substantial amounts
of sediments to coastal waters. It also impacts
on the scenic beauty
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II. DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
Challenges in environment protection in Nha
Trang, Khanh Hoa

• Control the pollution from economic activities,
  prevent oil spills
• Waste collection and treatment
• Solve environmental issues together with poverty
  reduction and hunger alleviation, environmental
  sanitation for coastal community.
• Biodiversity degradation
• Global climate change

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Environment protection goals
1. Reduce pollution and environment degradation,
prevent environmental disasters caused by human
and nature. Pollution treatment, improve and
enhance environment quality. 2. Sustainable use
and protection of natural resources. Biodiversity
protection, rehabilitation, protection and
development of degraded ecosystems. 3. Enhance
capacity in environment management for all
government levels, sectors, and localities. 4.
Raise awareness, encourage the participation of
the community. 5.Mitigation of the impact of and
adaptation to Climate change and varibility
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Environment protection plan
1. Integrated coastal area management
understand the usage process (research)
History, status, scale and size of impacts
The interaction between present and future uses
Sustainable uses of the ecosystems
Management approach for each use 2. To improve
awareness of users on environment protection,
encourage the participation of the community on
environment protection, increase the quality of
living environment.
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3. Planning for sustainable use based on local
conditions 4. Planning for waste treatment area,
waste collection and treatment technology 5.
Adjust the balance between aquaculture, fisheries
and seafood processing to support sustainable
resource use 6. Appropriate technology transfer
for aquaculture and seafood processing 7.
Suitable policies for change in community
livelihoods and natural resource management
(co-management model) 8. Human capacity building
in term of environmental management
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III. CONCLUSION
Three issues for discussion 1. Firstly,
economic growth should be promoted 2. Secondly,
speed up the identification of ownership and
right of use of marine resources and sea
surface 3. Finally, quickly establish feasible
policies for marine economic development and
environmental protection
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Thank you for your attention !