THE MIGRANT EMPOWERED

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THE MIGRANT EMPOWERED

• THE CULTURE OF PROTEST

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OUTLINE

• HISTORY OF FILIPINO MIGRANT MOVEMENTS
• TRANSFORMING/CONTINUING A MOVEMENT
• INTERNATIONALIZING A MOVEMENT
• THE CULTURE OF PROTEST

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HISTORY OF MIGRANT MOVEMENTS

• THE ILUSTRADO MOVEMENT IN SPAIN
• THE FARM WORKERS MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
• MOVEMENTS FOR HISTORY AND IDENTITY
• DIASPORA NATIONALISM

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PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT IN SPAIN 1872-1892

• ILUSTRADOS
• REPRESENTATION OF THE PHILIPPINES IN THE SPANISH
  PARLIAMENT
• SECULARIZATION OF CLERGY
• LEGALIZATION OF SPANISH AND FILIPINO EQUALITY
• CREATION OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM FREE OF FRIARS

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PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

• ABOLITION OF FORCED LABOR
• ABOLITION OF FORCED SALE OF LOCAL PRODUCTS
• FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND ASSOCIATION
• EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES GOVT SERVICE

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JOSE RIZAL

• NOVELS Noli Me Tangere or Touch Me Not
• El Filibusterismo or The Subversive
• Essays on race, language, and nationalism
  scientific arguments

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LA SOLIDARIDAD 2/15/1889 11/ 15/1895

• 7 VOLUMES, 160 ISSUES
• EDITORS GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA and MARCELO H. DEL
  PILAR
• 15TH AND LAST DAY, 12 -16 PAGES

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LA SOLIDARIDAD

• All Filipino org est. Dec. 1988
• First president Galicano Apacible
• Rizal honorary president
• Rival organization for Miguel Moraytas Spanish
  Orient of Freemasonry

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EXECUTION OF RIZAL
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THE USE OF THE LETTER K

• K has a value more fixed than c and q
• It also facilitates the grammatical formulation
  of verbs whose roots begin with ka and ku.
• Also, the Tagalog syllables ka, ki, ko, ku do not
  sound the same as the Spanish ca, qui, co, qu,
  because the Tagalog k is subtly aspirated

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K and Nationalism

• K is for De-Kolonization Anti-Colonial
  Nationalism and Orthographic Reform in
  Comparative Studies in Society and History 2007
  49 (4) 938-967
• By MEGAN THOMAS

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THOMASS ASSERTIONS

• 1892, official Katipunan documents appeared using
  the letter K
• Their orthographic choices suggested a continuity
  between those who advocated the new orthography
  in 1899 and the Katipunan leaders-- ideology
  related not divorced
• Use of K in emblem exploited symbolic
  significance -- flagging the nation

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THOMAS QUOTING KATHRYN WOOLARD, 1998

• In countries where identity and nation are under
  negotiation, every aspect of language, including
  its graphic representation, can be contested.
  This means that orthographic systems are symbols
  that themselves carry cultural, historical and
  political meanings. Woolard 1898, Language
  Ideology as a Field of Inquiry.

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First flag sewn by Benita Rodriguez with Gregoria
de Jesus
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FLAG USED BY SOME MEMBERS
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BONIFACIOS PERSONAL FLAG
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NEW SYMBOLS
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MAGDALO FLAG -- FIRST OFFICIAL BANNER
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PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT NOTES

• Movement of the educated elite
• Relationship to the revolution
• Continuity through the letter K

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STRUGGLE OF FARM WORKERS
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PAJARO VALLEY, 1939
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PHILIP VERA CRUZ (1904-1994)

• CO-FOUNDER OF AGRICULTURAL WORKERS ORGANIZING
  COMMITTEE WHICH MERGED WITH THE NATIONAL FARM
  WORKERS ASSOCIATION TO FORM THE UNITED FARM
  WORKERS .
• WAS LONG TIME VICE-PRESIDENT

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GREAT DELANO GRAPE STRIKE

• On Sept 8, 1965, at the Filipino Hall at 1457
  St. in Delano, the Filipino members of AWOC held
  a mass meeting to discuss and decide whether to
  go on strike or to accept wages proposed by the
  growers

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PHILIP VERA CRUZS WORDS

• The decision was to strike and it became one
  of the most significant and famous decisions ever
  made in the history of the farmworkers struggles
  in California. It was like an incendiary bomb,
  exploding out the strike message to the workers

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VERA CRUZS WORDS

• in the vineyards, telling them to have sit-ins
  in the labor camps, and set up picket lines at
  every growers ranch. It was this strike that
  eventually made the UFW, the farm workers
  movement and Cesar Chavez, famous worldwide.

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NEW UNION

• GROWERS ATTEMPT TO BRING IN MEXICAN AMERICAN
  WORKERS
• MEETING BETWEEN NATIONAL FARM WORKERS AND
  NATIONAL FARM LABOR UNION VERA CRUZ, LARRY
  ITLIONG, AND PETE VELASCO
• BOTH UNIONS JOINED

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WHY REMEMBER VERA CRUZ

• Symbol of resistance
• Countered assimilationist desires
• Important to second-generation Filipino Americans
• Less known than Cesar Chavez reclaiming history

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CONTINUING/TRANSFORMING A MOVEMENT
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THE BAYBAYIN SCRIPT
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Variety of Letter Shapes-- from Scotts 1984
study of Santamarias book 1938
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INTERNATIONALIZING A MOVEMENT

• THE CONCEPTS OF COSMOPOLITANISM AND NATIONALISM
• DIASPORA NATIONALISM
• MIGRANT ORGANIZING

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MIGRANTE AUSTRALIA
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KASAMMA KO --KOREA
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• ROOTS IN THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT OF
  INTELLECTUALS
• FARM WORKERS
• THE RADICALIZED MIGRANT
• THE SECOND GENERATION FILIPINO-AMERICANS JOURNEY
• DIASPORA NATIONALISM