ECE 526 Network Processing Systems Design

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ECE 526 Network Processing Systems Design

• Ning Weng
• Department of Electrical Computer Engineering
• Fall 2008

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Welcome Aboard

• Who am I?
• Ning Weng, Assistant Professor in ECE
• Office Engineering E119
• Email weng_at_engr.siu.edu
• Research interests
• Network processor
• System integration
• Analytical performance modeling
• Network system security
• Tell us who you are
• In one semester

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What is the Internet?
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World Wide Web
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Application View Google
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Application View Others
IP picture frame http//www.ceiva.com/
Web-enabled toaster weather forecaster

• Other examples
• Email
• File Transfer
• Firewall
• IP Phone
• Virtual Private Network (VPN)
• E-commerce
• Games

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Abstract View in the Beginning

• The first 2 nodes on the ARPANET
• IMP
• Interface Message Processors
• Network manager
• Evolved to todays router
• Client Server Model

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Abstract View UUNET
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Nuts and Bolts View

• Millions of connected computing devices
• Running network applications
• Client, server
• Protocol, service
• Host, end node
• Network processing systems
• Inside the network
• Example router, switch
• Throughput
• latency
• Communication links
• fiber, copper, radio, satellite
• bandwidth

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What is the Internet Summary

• Communication infrastructure enables distributed
  applications
• Computational architecture that client requesting
  service from server
• A system of interconnected of processing systems
• Links
• End nodes
• Network processing systems
• What is the network processing system?

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What is Network Processing Systems?

• Integral part of the Internet
• Network processing system determine the
  properties of the Internet
• Functionality
• Performance
• Reliability
• Security
• The key requirement
• Performance
• Flexibility
• Scalability
• Ease of use

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Router
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Network Processor
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Network Processor Based Router
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What is the Course About?

• Network Processing System Design
• What is the minimal set of functionality?
• How to implement them efficiently?
• What is the optimal system architecture?
• How to design a system architecture scalable to
  next generation networks?
• Our focus
• Data-plane (not control plane, routing
  protocols,)
• Packet-based networks
• Concepts of router functions only
• Using programmable Intel IXP network processor
  (instead of a Cisco router)
• Design in system perspective (no RTL, transistor
  implementation)

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Honesty Policy

• Consultation with fellow students is encouraged,
  especially on design issues. However, directly
  copying another student's work (past or present)
  defeats the purpose of the assignments and is an
  honor code violation. Lab reports, programs, or
  test answers that are directly copied from
  another student will result in serious penalties
  including course failure and possible action by
  the college disciplinary committee. If in doubt,
  please consult a TA, the instructor, or the
  official SIUC Student Conduct Code, section II,
  article A.

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Grading

• Class participation and Quizzes 15
• Important skill for your professional development
• One of the best way to learn for you and me!
• Timely checking the understanding of basic
  concepts
• Announced one class period in advance
• No quiz make-up under any circumstances
• However you can miss three quizzes
• Midterm exam 25
• Lab assignments 15
• Get hand-on experiences
• Four labs including simulation and hardware
  (maybe)
• Homework 15
• Other 30
• Option I (Projects)
• No more than 5 groups
• Proposal presentation final presentation and
  report
• Related to network processing, and experimental
  results required
• Option II - Comprehensive final exam 25

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Textbook

• Douglas Comer Network
• System Design using
• Network Processors,
• Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2005.
• Three parts
• Traditional Protocol Processing Systems
  router architectures, packet processing details
• Network Processor Technology NP architectures
• Example Network Processor Intel IXP2400
  architecture
• Classes will follow book

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Network Basics

• Contents
• Basic terminology
• Protocol
• Packet
• Packet processing
• Packet delay
• Network systems
• Hubs
• Bridges
• routers

• Goals
• Familiar with key terms used for this course
• Introducing example systems used inside
• the Internet
• computer networks

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Complexity of the Internet

• Internet network of networks
• loosely hierarchical
• public Internet versus private intranet
• Many pieces
• protocols
• Packet
• Packet processing
• Packet Delay
• Packet processing system
• Hosts end node of the Internet
• Switches, hubs inside networks
• Routers between the networks
• others

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Whats a protocol?

• human protocols
• whats the time?
• I have a question
• introductions
• specific msgs sent
• specific actions taken when msgs received, or
  other events

• network protocols
• machines rather than humans
• all communication activity in Internet governed
  by protocols

Protocol define format, order of msgs sent and
received among network entities, and actions
taken on msg transmission, receipt
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Whats a protocol?

• a human protocol and a computer network protocol

Hi
TCP connection request
Hi
Q Other human protocols?
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Packet

• Packet Smaller chunks of long message sent by
  the sender
• Packet header
• data preceding the body (data)
• example destination IP address, source IP
  address
• Packet payload data plus the upper layer header
• Packet meta-data packet specific data such as
  packet arrival time
• Generic concept
• Depends on protocol standard and network
  technologies
• frame packet recognized by hardware, Ethernet
  frame
• cell fixed-sized packet by ATM technology
• IP packet varied-sized packet by Internet

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Packet Delay

• Packet delay
• interval between when packet sent by sender and
  received by receiver
• determines the Internet performance and
  efficiency
• important for delay sensitive applications IP
  Phone, real video
• Can we reduce Delay? How?
• First, what are causes of the delay?

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Four Source Packet Delay

• Packet processing delay time to process packet
• depends on complexity of application
• Depends on speed of processing engine
• Queuing delay
• time waiting at output link for transmission
• depends on congestion level of router

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Four Source Packet Delay

• Transmission delay
• time to send bits into link L/R
• Rlink bandwidth (bps)
• Lpacket length (bits)
• Propagation delay
• d length of physical link
• s propagation speed in medium (2x108 m/sec)
• propagation delay d/s

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Queuing Delay

• Rlink bandwidth (bps)
• Lpacket length (bits)
• aaverage packet arrival rate

traffic intensity La/R

• La/R 0 average queueing delay small
• La/R -gt 1 delays become large
• La/R gt 1 more work arriving than can be
  serviced, average delay infinite!

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Processing Delay

• Processing delay will increase
• Better data structure, algorithms and
  architecture required
• Reduce average delay by multiprocessors

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Packet Delay summary

• We can reduce the transmission and queuing delay
  by increasing the link bandwidth
• Transportation delay is minor part
• Reducing average delay
• Processing Delay will be the bottleneck
• Optimized network processing systems design

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Key System of Internet

• Hosts
• Workstations, servers, PDAs, cell phones
• Routers

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Other Systems inside Network

• Hub
• repeater
• Bridge
• Connection between two networks on data link
  level
• Isolation of Ethernet collision domains
• Layer 2 Switch
• Similar to bridge, multi-ports
• High throughput
• VLAN switch
• Supports several Virtual LANs
• Emulates several smaller switches

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Other Systems inside Internet

• Firewall
• Block packets to certain internal addresses and
  ports
• Maintains list of currently active connections
• Network Address Translator (NAT)
• hides subnet behind single external IP address
• Rewrites packets to change IP address and port
  numbers
• Load Balancer
• Distributes web requests to server farm
• Uses layer 4 (or layer 7) classification and TCP
  splicing
• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
• Detect unauthorized access to computer system or
  network
• Prevent attacks from malicious hackers

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Summary

• Define basic terminology
• Protocol
• Packet
• Packet processing
• Packet delay
• Processing system inside network
• For more terminology Appendix 1, Comer
• Discussing example systems inside Computer
  Networks and the Internet.

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For Next Class

• Get textbook
• Read pages 1-24 (Chapters 1-3)