Title: Filmmaking and NonLinear Video Editing with Final CutPro and Express
1Filmmaking andNon-Linear Video
EditingwithFinal CutPro and Express
2Filmmaking Phases
- Pre-production-planning
- Production-shooting
- Post-production-editing
3Pre-Production
- Develop story idea
- Identify and fulfill budget
- Visualize your film
- Write script
- Identify actors and crew
- Scout locations, photo or film
- Make storyboard
- Assemble equipment
4Production
- Develop shooting schedule, shoot outside early
- Assess location availability
- Acquire props
- Plan each shot using storyboard
- Set up lighting
- Shoot
- Continuity
- View and evaluate dailies
- Re-shoot, oops
5Shooting to Edit
- Coverage
- Coverage
- Coverage
- Coverage
- Coverage
- Coverage
- Coverage
- Coverage
6And
- Roll camera early and cut late
- Clean entrances and exits
- OTS, R-OTS, close ups
- Don't cross the line
- Framing
- Shoot ambient sound to connect audio, room tone
- Look at the frame, what is in the background
- Log footage
- Think continuity
- And don't forget coverage
7Post-Production
- Know your footage, tape log and chip
- Acquire music
- Reflect on story structure
- Edit footage, review
- Include music
- Develop titles and credits
- Review project editing, pace, timing
- Look for bad trans, inappropriate black
8EditingSee the Story Not the Delivery
- Transparency
- Transitions connect two clips
- Gentle transitions, not noticed
- Overlap audio and video transitions
- Cut transitions within a scene
- Use reaction shots, choose appropriate audio
tracks - Other transitions-fade, dissolves, wipes-to
indicate new scene, location, passage of time - Jump cuts-be very careful
9Video Editing
- Create a project
- Capture and import media content
- Trim clips
- Assemble clips
- Apply special effects filters
- Insert transitions between clips
- Audio mix and control
- Output to web, tape, DVD, files
10Now forFinal CutFinally
11What is Final Cut?
- Non-linear, non-destructive video editor
- Non-linearrandom access computers as opposed to
linear tape - Non-destructiveraw media unmodified
- Shared use, shared media, multiple projects
- Apple product, only for MacOS
- Newer productolder avid, premiere, media100
12Apple MacOS
- The original (almost) GUI
- Well designed, consistent user interface
- Based on the most mature OS, Unix
- Well integrated interface across apps
- Window components, one tool bar, dock, desktop
- Tool bar changes for active window
- Extra pull down menu on left of tool bar
- Unfortunateone tool bar, one app, and greater
distance - OS stuff menu, apple top left pull down menu
13MacOS
Menu Bar, only one, changes for active window
Finder
Dock
14Starting FinalCut
- From Application folder via Finder
- From Dock
- From project (fcp) file
15FC Interfaces
Capture Directory Set in Set-Up
Project File, .fcp
on Desktop, Documents, etc.
Captured Files
Save
Final Cut
Open
Capture
Exported Media Files, .mov .avi. etc.
Capture
Export
Firewire, Plug-in
Print to Video
Render Timeline Transitions, etc.
Bars, Titles
Media Device
Import
Other Media Files, Imported
Generated Files
Render Files
16Final Cut
Browser
Viewer-Preview
Canvas-Program
Tool Palette
Timeline
Playhead
17Final Cut Interface Windows
- Browser-project components
- View-view raw media, make clips
- Timeline-assemble, trim, adjust, transition
- Canvas-displays project from timeline
- Tool Palette-choose timeline editing tools
- Audio Meter-display audio levels
18Let's Look AtThe Structure and FunctionOf Each
Of These Windows
19Browser Window
Project components
- Contains project media components
- Includes sequences, clips, filters, transitions
- Select components and drag to Timeline
- Tabs for project(s) and effects
- Display as list or icons
- Storyboarddisplay as icons
Effects
20Viewer and Canvas
- Video monitors
- Trim clips
- Set marks, in/out points
- Adjust transitions
- Jog wheel
- Shuttle tab
Viewer
Canvas
Controls
21Viewer Monitor
- Viewer is the studio preview monitor
- View clips from the Browser
- Edit clips with in and out point marks
- Double click on clip in browser to view
- Drag from Viewer into Timeline
- Controls-play, shuttle, jog, mark points
- Time clip length, timecode
- Input duration in duration field
- Control filters
- Generators-slug, text, etc.
Duration timecode
Current timecode
Editing marking control
Transport control
Generator menu
22Viewer Motion Effects
- For all video clips
- Scale, image size
- Rotation
- Centermove image
- Anchor pointfor rotation
- Crop image overlay tracks
23Viewer Filter Controls
- Audio and Video Filters
- Adjust filter parameters
- Identify keyframes
- Enable/disable filters
- Clear filters
- Filters added to clips
- To adjust, select clip, place playhead
24Canvas Monitor
- Canvas is the studio program monitor
- Displays the video from the timeline
- Controls-play, shuttle, jog, scrubber bar
- Time display-length, timecode
- Motion keyframes
Edit marking controls
Jog control
Transport controls
Shuttle control
25Timeline
- Upper video tracks displayed, transparent
- All audio tracks mixed
- Disable tracks
- Zoomtrack granularity
- Playhead, shows in Canvas
- Multiple audio and video tracks
- Assemble clips
- Drag from Browse or Viewer
- Add transitions
link snap
Video tracks
Audio tracks
Audio level control
Zoom
26Timeline Controls
- Track enable disable
- Connect source destination
- Lock tracks
- Select tracks
- Mute/Solo
- Keyframe cont.
- Adj. zoom
- Playhead
- Transition
27Timeline Tool Palette
- Select single clip
- Edit and range selection
- Track selection
- Roll and ripple edit tools
- Slip and slide edit tools
- Razor tool-cut clips in Timeline
- Zoom and hand tool
- Crop, distort tools
- Pen tool-keyframes for audio fade
28Selection Tools
- Select single clip-Select a single clip in the
Timeline - Edit and range selection-selects cuts, multiple
clips or range of clips - Track selection-selects clips on a single track
or multiple tracks
29Timeline Edit Tools
- Ripple edit-Modify duration of a single clip with
following clips placement adjusted. - Roll edit-Moves an edit point between two
adjacent clips, duration of one clips is
lengthened and the other shortened. - Slip edit-Slips a clip between adjacent fixed
clips, the duration is not changed, the in and
out points change. - Slide edit-Slides a fixed duration clip between
two adjacent clips, the adjacent clips change
duration.
30Capture Window
- Two sections-preview and clip logging
- View image from tape
- Control DV deck
- Captured clips go into browser
- Enable capture bin
- Capture-mark in and out points or now
- Input description/name first
Mark in
VTR control
Mark out
Capture control
Preview area
Logging area
31(No Transcript)
32Capture Logging
- Fill in capture information in logging window
- Select the project's capture bin
- Create new capture bin
- Input clip information including clip name, clip
description, shot/take
33Capture Options
- Clip capture-in preview window mark in and out
points of a shot on tape, click on clip button in
capture section of logging window - Now capture-While tape is playing in preview
window, click now button - Project capture-Recapture original clips from
tape based on original capture
34Collecting Raw Media
- Capture DV with firewire
- Third party capture cards
- Clip size
- Select and capture separate clips
- Balance file size and number of clips
- Each captured clips is a master clip
- Import
- Various types of media files
- File and media compatibility
- Example-MP3 problems-use iTunes
35Post-Production Phases
- Create a project
- Collecting raw media
- Capture from tape through firewire
- Import files of various media
- Edit and assemble
- Trim clips
- Apply filters
- Assemble clips and transitions
- Output project
- Tape-automatic, manual
- Files-DVD, CD, streaming video, etc.
36Create a Project
- Sets up FinalCut
- Initializes a project file (.fcp)?
- Initializes capture directory
- Put project file in convenient place, Desktop
- Project file contains NO media
- Project file describes the project
- Like an index
37Collecting Raw Media
- Capture DV with firewire
- Clip size
- Select and capture separate clips
- Balance file size and number of clips
- Each captured clips is a master clip
- Import
- Various types of media files
- File and media compatibility
- Example-MP3 problems-use iTunes
38Clip RelationsToo Many
- Master cliprefers to media file
- Affiliated cliprefers to a master clip,
independent in/out points, in a sequence - Independent cliponly in timeline, old FC
- Merged clipcreated by merging separate video and
audio sources, master clip - Subclipcreated from portions of master clip,
used by media manager - Multiclipused for multiple camera shoots, syncs
clips, then edit sync'ed clips - Offline clipsclips not accessible from file
system, reconnect
39Subclips
- Open clips (master or sub) in Viewer
- Choose in/out points
- Make a subclip ModifygtMake Subclip
- Name subclip in Browser
- Drag into Timeline
40Separate Individual Shots
- DV Start/Stop Detect
- Automatically separates individual shots and
takes into subclips - Capture multiple shots in a clip
- Open clip in Viewer window
- Select DV Start/Stop from mark menu
41Assemble Clips
- A video project is a sequence of clips
- Build sequence by assembling clips
- The container and identifier of a set of
assembled clips is a sequence - Sequences are assembled in the timeline
- Two ways to assembleinsert and overwrite
- Many, many short cuts for high speed editing
42Approaches to Assembling a Sequence
- In Timelineeasiest, small projects, single
linear raw video source - From Viewer to TimelineComplex projects,
multiple media sources, allow modifications and
maintenance later, may identify subclips,
intuitive - From Viewer to CanvasFastest, use various edit
methods
43Edit and AssembleIn Timeline
- Drag master clip from Browser into Timeline
- Using razor tool from tool palette cut sequence,
delete unwanted clips - Modify sequence with drag and drop, or cut and
paste - Adjust in/out points of clips with edit functions
from Timeline tool palette - Synchronizing multiple camera tracks
44QnD Edit
- One camera shoot
- Capture all on tape to one master clip
- DV start/stop to separate clips
- Make subclips
- Make Storyboard, set browser to large icons,
arrange icons in order - Select multiple icons, move to timeline
- Adjust, trim, cut in timeline
- Drag start and end of clips
Quick and Dirty
45AssembleViewer to Timeline
- Double click or drag clip from Browser to Viewer
- View clip with contolsplay, scrub, jog, shuttle
- Find in and out points, mark with in/out point
buttons - Drag marked clip into timeline
- Add to timeline as either overwrite or insert
46Overlay or Insert Edit, Drag into Timeline
- Overlay replaces timeline footage with new clip
- Insert creates break in timeline and pushes
following clips down - For Overlay move the clip to timeline, cursor
changes, when it points down release mouse button - For Insert move the clip to timeline, cursor
changes, when it points to the left release mouse
button - This can be frustrating if you are not aware of
the pointer
47Final Cut
Browser
Viewer-Preview
Canvas-Program
Tool Palette
Timeline
Playhead
48Assemble in Canvas
- Choose edit point which is the frame displayed in
Canvas - Drag subclips into Canvas from Viewer or Browser
- Edit Overlay appears in Canvas
- Deposit clip into appropriate section of Edit
Overlay - Keyboard short cutF9 for insert, F10 for overlay
- Or deposit on buttons at lower left corner (Pro
only)?
49Canvas Edit Modes
- Insert editViewer in/out marked into timeline
playhead position, moves following clips - Overlay editViewer in/out marked into timeline
playhead position, overwrites clips - Replace editViewer playhead position media moved
to Canvas in/out marks, multi-camera - Superimpose editClip placed at Canvas in marker
on new track - Fit to Fill editSource clip speed modified to
fit in Canvas in/out marks, render required - Transition editInsert and overwrite, includes
default transition at beginning of clip
50Split Edit
- Different edit points for audio and video
- Allow reaction shots, etc.
- Trim in Viewer
- Control or right click on scrub area in Viewer
- From menu select Mark Split
- Choose audio or video in and out marker
- Also, on timeline, unlink and roll edit either
audio or video
51Transitions
- Audio and video transitions
- Overlapping clips past in/out points
- Drag transitions to cuts in Timeline from effects
tab in Browser - Types-dissolve, wipe, stretch, peel, iris, etc.
- Transition editor-transition duration, position,
color, other specific options - Default/favorite transitions
- Rendering!!
52Effects Menu
- Effects tab in Browser
- Select filters or transitions
- Drag effect to clip in timeline
- If line above clip at top of turns red, render
- Adjust effects in Viewer window
53Transition Control
- Select transition on timeline
- Allows transition adjustment
- Shows clip overlap
- Drag playhead to see
54Transition Problems
- Transition will not straddle cut
- Extra footage appears in the transition
In point
Clip 2
Out point
Clip 1
Video track
Transition
55Filters
- Modify audio and video clips
- From effects tab of Browser
- Drag to clips on Timeline
- Video types-blur, color correct, distort, image
control, sharpen, stylize, etc. - Audio types-audio levels, band pass filters
- Control filters with viewer tab
- Render
56EffectsFilters
- Double click on clip in time line
- Choose filter tab in Viewer
- Adjust parameters
- To delete, select and clear, un-check
57Audio Mix and Control
- Timeline has video and audio tracks
- Clips may be have either or video and/or audio
components - Video and audio components may be linked, i.e.
synchronized - Audio may be mix of several tracks
- Track volume may be separately adjusted
- Overall output mixer
- Audio and video tracks may overlap and stagger
58Text and Titling
- Generator menu from Viewer window, bottom right
- Select text, title 3D, title crawl
- Generates an entry in the Browser, drag into
Timeline - Titles over background-drag to separate video
track - Text motion and effects-crawl etc.
59Titling
- Start from icon on lower right of Viewer
- Input text in Control tab
- Select video tab and drag to timeline
- Use track above background
- Adjust position in Motion tab
60Exporting Project
- File for streaming, DVD, CD, online, media for
applications - Timeline to tape
- Print to Tape, automatic
- DVD, make quicktime (mov), import into iDVD, burn
- DVD writer, finalize
- File menu-gtexport or print to video
61Export File
- File use-DVD, CD, online, Web streaming, media
application (in powerpoint, etc.)? - File type-quicktime, avi, mpeg, windows media,
realmedia streaming - Compression-codec
- Video format-color depth, frame size, frame rate,
aspect ratio, data rate
62Tape Export
- Output as DV on firewire, 25 Mbits/sec
- May require rendering
- Automatic, include tone and bars
- Export from Timelime, print to tape
- External conversion to composite video to write
VHS or other analog tape - Performance problems, lost frames
63Make DVD
- Highly compressed, 3Mbits/sec
- In computer, no lost frames
- Output quicktime file, about real time
- DVD compression, 3 X real time
- Write DVD, real time
- External to DVD writer
- Connect to writer, audio and video (s, composite,
component) or firewire (problem with recognizing
DVD)? - Record and finalize
- Real time performance, possibly lost frames
64Editing Problems
- Jerky video or play stops with performance error
messagebe sure your media files are on your
computer not the server. - Poor quality musicdo not use MP3, convert to
AIFF, see class web site - Sync problemscaptured files too long, editing
errors, move audio tracks, red numbers show sync
position - Project problemsrestore project from file menu
65How Does FC Work?
- Raw media-video, audio, images, titles-maintained
in files which are not modified by edit
operations - Project files describe the components in the
browser, in and out points for all edits, clip
locations in timeline, filters and transitions - Render files contain media for transitions,
overlays, etc. - Rendering generates media files that cannot be
produced real time.
66Project Structure
Master Clip
Media File
Project File
Affiliate Clip
67Server
- CS Mac Server (192.168.2.1) go connect
- Capture on workstation, copy to server, copy from
server to other team workstations - Music and sound effects
- Copy your assignments to server as a quicktime
movie - Share raw footage on mini and iMacs in the
/users/Share directory - Backup raw footage on server