CPR

1
Chapter 4

• CPR

2
Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest

• A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue
  dies.
• Cardiac arrest results when heart stops beating.

3
Chain of Survival

• Early access
• Early CPR
• Early defibrillation
• Early advanced care

4
Performing CPR

• Check for responsiveness.
• Open the airway and check for breathing.
• Rescue breaths
• Chest compressions

5
Check for Responsiveness

• Tap the victims shoulder and ask if he or she is
  all right.
• If the victim is not responsive, have a bystander
  call 9-1-1.
• If you are alone with an unresponsive child or
  infant, give CPR for 2 minutes (five cycles),
  then call 9-1-1.

6
Open the Airway and Check for Breathing

• Open airway with head tiltchin lift.
• Check breathing Look, listen, and feel for 510
  seconds.

7
Rescue Breaths

• Keep airway open.
• Give two normal breaths.
• Methods
• Mouth-to-barrier
• Mouth-to-nose
• Mouth-to-stoma

8
Chest Compressions (1 of 2)

• Two hands for adults
• One or two hands for children
• Two fingers for an infant
• Compression depth
• Adult 1.5 to 2 inches
• Child or infant 1/3 to 1/2 depth of the chest

9
Chest Compressions (2 of 2)

• Adult and child center of chest between nipples
• Infants just below nipple line
• Five cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths
• Continue CPR until
• AED becomes available
• Victim shows signs of life
• EMS takes over
• You are too tired to continue

10
Airway Obstruction

• Partial air exchange
• Mild coughing forcefully
• Severe weak, ineffective cough
• Complete blockage unable to breath, speak, or
  cough
• Common causes of obstruction
• Tongue, vomit, foreign body, swelling, spasm

11
Caring for Airway Obstruction (1 of 5)

• Responsive adult or child Heimlich maneuver
• Abdominal thrusts just above navel
• Until object is removed or victim is unresponsive
• Chest thrusts for larger or pregnant victims

12
Caring for Airway Obstruction (2 of 5)

• Responsive infant
• Support infants head and lay infant face down
  over your forearm and thigh.
• Give five back blows.
• Roll infant face up.
• Give five chest thrusts.

13
Caring for Airway Obstruction (3 of 5)

• Chest Thrusts

• Back Blows

14
Caring for Airway Obstruction (4 of 5)

• Unresponsive adult or child If breaths dont go
  in
• Retilt head.
• Reattempt breaths.
• Begin CPR.
• Check airway.
• Remove object.

15
Caring for Airway Obstruction (5 of 5)

• Unresponsive infant If breaths dont go in
• Retilt head.
• Reattempt breaths.
• Begin CPR.
• Check airway.
• Remove object.