Challenges%20and%20Solutions%20for%20Central%20and%20Eastern%20European%20Countries%20Analyses%20on%20the%20National%20Energy%20Efficiency%20Action%20Plans

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Challenges and Solutions for Central and Eastern
European CountriesAnalyses on the National
Energy Efficiency Action Plans

IPM8 - 8th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting on
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Friday,
7th November 2008, Budapest, Parliament of
Hungary

• Dr. Ralf Schüle
• Senior Consultant and Project Co-ordinator
• Wuppertal Institute - RG II
• Energy, Transport and Climate Policy

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Overview

• Energy Efficiency Policy in the EU and the Role
  of the ESD
• Framework Conditions for Energy Efficiency
  Policy in CEE
• National Energy Efficiency Action Plans as
  Exercise and Indicator
• Conclusions for CEE and for the Future Design of
  Energy Efficiency Policy

3
Overview

• Energy Efficiency Policy in the EU and the Role
  of the ESD
• Framework Conditions for Energy Efficiency
  Policy in CEE
• National Energy Efficiency Action Plans as
  Exercise and Indicator
• Conclusions for CEE and for the Future Design of
  Energy Efficiency Policy

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Energy Efficiency Policy in the EU and the Role
of the ESD
Climate Policy
Target 1 20 Reductions in GHG-Emissions vs.
1990

• Energy and Climate Package 2008 and futher three
  strategies by 2020
• ETS and Kyoto-Targets
• Energy Efficiency and CHP
• Renewable Energies

Effort Sharing Com.
ETS-Directive
CCS-Directive
Target 2 20 PE-Savings vs. BAU
REN-Directive
EE Action Plan
Fuel Quality Directive
Target 3 20 of REN
CHP-Directive
Cars-Directive
ESD-Directive
EuP-Directive
EPBD-Directive
SET-Plan
Energy Policy
Technology Policy
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Energy Efficiency Policy in the EU and the Role
of the ESD

• Energy Efficiency and Energy Service Directive
  (ESD) requires MS
• to adopt aim to achieve an overall national
  indicative reduction target in end-energy use of
  9 by 2016 (... for the 9th year of application
  ...)
• to submit three (National) Energy Efficiency
  Action Plans (NEEAPs) 2007, 2011, 2014
• Only a few formal requirements are given in the
  ESD
• Calculation of national indicative annual energy
  savings target adopted for 2016 (GWh) and
  national intermediate indicative annual energy
  savings target adopted for 2010 (GWh)
• Displaying energy efficiency improvement
  programmes, energy services, and other measures
  planned for achieving the target
• Measures and strategies complying with the
  provisions on the exemplary role of the public
  sector, and the provision of information and
  advice on end energy efficiency on end users.

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Energy Efficiency Policy in the EU and the Role
of the ESD

• Strenghs of the ESD ...
• framework directive in which regulations of
  other directives (EuP, EPBD), can be embedded
• With the publication of NEEAPs, we currently have
  an illustrative and impressive collection of
  measures that enables international mutual
  learning among MS ...
• (... despite high variation of level of
  information provided)
• Forces MS to develop action plans and display
  strategies and to monitor effects of measures

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Energy Efficiency Policy in the EU and the Role
of the ESD

• ... and weaknesses
• Additionality
• ESD does not mention that energy savings counting
  towards the 9 target must be in addition to
  energy savings from autonomous changes
• EU Action Plan for Energy Efficiency obviously
  expects strong contribution from ESD (and other
  recent Directives) new policy leading to new
  and additional energy savings compared to
  autonomous changes and even previous policy
• Early action/early savings
• ESD allows that effects of measures initiated in
  a previous year not earlier than 1995 can be
  taken into account in the calculation of the
  annual energy savings. (Annex I, ESD)
• What is meant
• Early measures? (e.g., building code from 2005
  and still in force in 2008 - 2016) or
• Early energy savings? (e.g., from
  energy-efficient building constructed in 2005)

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Overview

• Energy Efficiency Policy in the EU and the Role
  of the ESD
• Framework Conditions for Energy Efficiency
  Policy in CEE
• National Energy Efficiency Action Plans as
  Exercise and Indicator
• Conclusions for CEE and for the Future Design of
  Energy Efficiency Policy

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Final Energy Consumption in selected MS
1995-2005in Mio t OE
Source EUROSTAT
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Baseline Projections(in ktoe)
Source PRIMES (2006)
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Energy Intensity of Selected MS in 2005(kgoe per
EUR 1 000 of GDP)
Source EUROSTAT McKinsey
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CO2-Emissions per Capita(kg per capita)
Source EUROSTAT
Source NEEAPs, ESD Potential Study
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ESD-Target and Economic Potentials
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• Energy Efficiency Policy in the EU and the Role
  of the ESD
• Framework Conditions for Energy Efficiency
  Policy in CEE
• National Energy Efficiency Action Plans as
  Exercise and Indicator
• Conclusions for CEE and for the Future Design of
  Energy Efficiency Policy

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE

• Plans reflect the significance (and the
  respective conditions) of energy efficiency
  policy in member states
• one group of countries has already gathered large
  experience with the development, implementation
  and evaluation of measures,
• Another group predominantly aims at establishing
  basic institutional structure and supporting
  framework conditions

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE

• Different types of policy packages
• 1. Packages for end-users of energy (private
  housholds, companies, state authorities ...)

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CES
and NMS

• Different types of policy packages
• 2. Packages for supplier of services

Advice and Consultancy e.g initial advice for
buildings
Information e.g. Inform. Campaigns, Labelling,
Certificates, Auditing
Regulation e.g. Energy Standards for Buildings
and Appliances
End-Users
Funding and Financing Subsidies for building
retrofitting, investments in ee technologies
Institutional Measures e.g. energy agencies
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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE
Types of Measures

• Information, Advice and Consultancy
• In most NEEAPs, public information campaigns or
  activities targeting at the information of
  end-users are annouced.
• Poland and Romania announces a large information
  campaign on rational energy consumption in the
  housing sector
• EPBD Audits and Building Certification (BUL, PL,
  ROM, LIT) in the housing sector
• ESD Smart Metering in collaboration with ESCOs
  (BUL)
• EuP Labelling of household appliances and
  lighting (CZ, HU, PL, ROM)
• Innovative approach
• Ireland Power of One campaign (broad array of
  comminication channels and sectors covered)
• Austria klimaaktiv Initiative (link to loan
  programmes)
• Innovative approach linking mandatory advice
  with funding (Germany)

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE
Types of Measures

• Regulation
• EuP Standards of boilers and technical
  appliances (BUL, PL)
• EPBD Minimum requirements of old and new
  buldings (BUL, CZ, HU, PL)
• Mandatory introduction of energy management in
  large energy users (HU, PL)
• Guarantee of maximum and minimum indoor
  temperature in the residential sector (BUL)
• Innovative approach dynamisation of standards
  (for building regulations, top runner)

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE
Types of Measures

• Funding and Financing
• Most of CEC have already implemented (or will
  implement) energy efficiency (credit) funds in
  the residential, industry, service sector e.g.
  BUL, HU, POL, ROM)
• Additional funding
• through compensation funds REECL credit line
  (BUL)
• through EU Structural fond (HU/PHARE)
• through GEF/UNDP energy efficiency programme
  (PL/Krakow), ROM
• Innovative Measure
• Combination of funding with quality assurance and
  advice
• Tax rebates for companies having committed to
  reduction targets (e.g. in a LTA)

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE
Types of Measures

• Education and Quality Assurance
• Only a few CEC and MNS mention education and
  quality assurance of suppliers of services
  explicitly
• Example
• Checking of boilers (CZ),
• Information campaign on training and education
  (PL)
• Training of municipalities (HU)
• Innovative approach Funding only when certified
  advisors and consultants have guaranteed the
  quality of the measure, e.g. the installation of
  a Solar Thermal Heater (City of Hamburg)

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE
Types of Measures

• Industry Networks and Voluntary Agreements
• Underrepresented in CEC and NMS
• Examples
• EE consultation network (HU),
• VA on Audits (HU),
• System of voluntary undertaktings (PL)
• White Certificate Scheme (Poland)
• Innovative approach Tax Rebates given in
  companies having joined the LTA (Finland), White
  Certificates Scheme
• Market-based approaches and services
• Underrepresented in NEEAPs
• Establishing regulatory framework for
  contracting, offering of contracting seminars
  (ROM)

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE
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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE
Types of Measures

• Industry Networks and Voluntary Agreements
• Underrepresented in CEC and NMS
• Examples
• EE consultation network (HU),
• VA on Audits (HU),
• System of voluntary undertaktings (PL)
• Innovative approach
• White Certificate Scheme (Poland)
• Tax Rebates given in companies having joined the
  LTA (Finland), White Certificates Scheme
• Market-based approaches and services
• Underrepresented in NEEAPs
• Establishing regulatory framewok for contracting,
  offering of contracting seminars (ROM)

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National Energy Efficiency Action Plans in CEE
General Remarks on Sectors

• Buildings/Residential Sector
• Regulatory approach (according to EU Directives)
• Focus on establishing a funding structure
• Focus on multi-family houses
• Social aspects (energy poverty)?
• Industry and Service Sector
• Focus on establishing a funding structure
• Networks and voluntary agreement
• Transport Sector
• weakest part in the chain
• Transport sector not or not adequately addressed
• Focus on improving the transport infrastructure
• soft measures (Information etc.)

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• Energy Efficiency Policy in the EU and the Role
  of the ESD
• Framework Conditions for Energy Efficiency
  Policy in CEC and NMS
• National Energy Efficiency Action Plans as
  Exercise and Indicator
• Conclusions for CEE and for the Future Design of
  Energy Efficiency Policy

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Conclusions

• Main methodological problem in NEEAPs
  Assessing the relationship between potentials,
  targets calculated and measures assessed ex
  ante or ex post

Calculation of Energy Savings Targets
?
Energy Savings Potentials in Sectors(national
studies, sectoral studies, ESD Potential Study)
Assessments of Effects of Measures by BU ond/or
TD Methodologies
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Conclusions

• From diversity to harmonisation
• Harmonisation of evaluation methods (EMEEES)
• MS need support from the EC and partners in other
  MS to establishish capacities
• Harmonisation of NEEAPs (template) for 2011
• From plan to implementation
• MS to implement/monitor and improve EEI measures
  displayed in the NEEAPs
• Stakeholders and actors in MS can evaluate and
  control the state of implementation
• Further measures are required to achieve energy
  savings beyond baseline
• Savings achieved by natural development (e.g.
  NEEAP CZ) need to be excluded in NEEAPs II

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Conclusions

• Overcoming obstacles
• Power relations in market creation
• In which sense are stakeholders in energy
  (supply) sector open for energy efficiency
  issues?
• In what sense can structures, institutions and
  markets focusing on energy efficiency can be
  established?
• Developing the Potentials
• Innovative measures
• Dynamisation of standards
• (e.g. front runner principle, combined with
  subsidies, progressive building standards for
  new and existing buildings etc.)
• Introduce performance based standards and
  measures (measuring the real savings)
• Strengthen labelling and marketing approaches
• Energy efficiency as part of the Energy Security
  Strategy in the EU and in MS.

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Vision

• Ford T
• prototype of innovation
• Innovative was automatised mode of manufacturing
  its parts and the organisation of the production
  process
• the key of the success promise of unlimited
  mobility and the promise of the automobilisation
  of the world.
• Efficiency 2020
• Equivalent vision for energy and resource
  efficiency is needed, NEEAPs are a first small
  step to develop such a vision throughout Europe.
  

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• Thank you for your attention!
• Dr. Ralf Schüle Wuppertal Institute for
  Climate, Environment and Energy
  49/(0)202/2492-110ralf.schuele_at_wupperinst.org