Cell Unit

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Cell Unit

• Part I Types of Cells

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Two Main Cell Types

• I. Prokaryotes
• II. Eukaryotes

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I. Prokaryotes

• Before Nucleus
• 1st. Cells
• All small and unicellular
• Example
• bacteria

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II. Eukaryotes

• With Nucleus
• All other types of cells
• Every type other than bacteria
• Like ours
• Uni- and Multicellular

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Cell Unit
Part II Organelles
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1. Nucleus

• cellular control center
• contains hereditary material (DNA in chromosomes)
  
• self duplicating structure--divides when the cell
  divides
• Surrounded by a nuclear membrane

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2. Cytoplasm (protoplasm)

• Fluid/jelly like material between the cell
  membrane and the nucleus
• over 80 water
• site of most organelles and cellular chemical
  reactions

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3. Ribosomes

• Make protein in the cytoplasm
• may be free in the cytoplasm or attached
  to the endoplasmic reticulum

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4. Endoplasmic reticulum

• channels from the cell membrane to the nuclear
  membrane
• associated with the storage, synthesis, and
  transport of materials within the cell

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• Rough ER
• ER that contains ribosomes and transports proteins

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• Smooth ER
• ER without ribosomes and deals with lipids

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5. Vacuole

• membrane bound cytoplasmic spaces containing
  materials
• Vacuoles are crucial in one celled organisms.
• Food vacuole--store and digest ingested food
• Contractile vacuole-pumps excess water from cells
  maintaining homeostasis

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6. Lysosome

• pouch containing digestive enzymes
• digest bacteria and some foods entering the cell
• important in the work of some white blood cells
• breakdown worn out cell organelles

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7. Mitochondrion

• "Powerhouse of the cell"
• carries on cellular respiration (contains
  respiratory enzymes that make ATP) (energy
  molecule)
• may contain DNA--is self duplicating-- divides
  when the cell divides
• found in greater in active cells

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8. Golgi apparatus (complex)

• usually located near the nucleus and ER
• synthesizes, packages, and secretes cellular
  products

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9. Plasma (cell) membrane

• surrounds the cell
• is semi-permeable
• selectively regulates the flow of materials to
  and from the cell thus maintaining chemical
  homeostasis within the cell

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• consists of two layers of phospholipids--an outer
  and an inner layer--and protein
• transport of larger molecules through the plasma
  membrane likely occurs through these proteins
  (Fluid mosaic model)
• Recall Hydrophobic tendencies of lipids.

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Generalized Generalized Animal Cell
Plant Cell
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PLANT CELL ORGANELLES ONLY

• 11. Cell Wall- a nonliving structure which
  surrounds and supports the cell - composed mostly
  of cellulose

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12. Chloroplasts

• green in color
• contain the green pigment chlorophyll which
  carries on photosynthesis
• is self replicating like
• the mitochondrion

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Photosynthesis

• the conversion of light energy to chemical energy
  by chlorophyll in chloroplasts
• Overall Net Equation for photosynthesis
• 6H2O 6CO2 C6H12O6 6O2
• (when catalyzed by chlorophyll in the presence of
  sunlight)

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Cell Web Sites

• http//www.life.uiuc.edu/plantbio/cell/
• (Virtual cell dissection)
• http//www.scripps.edu/pub/olson-web/people/goodse
  ll/gallery/patterson.html
• (Journey through part of cell)