Accredited Programmes

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Accredited Programmes Some Challenges to
Effective Practice

• Ian McIntosh
• Senior Social Worker
• Scottish Executive
• Effective Practice Unit

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Outline for this morning

• Brief review of effective practice (What Works?)
• Inform about Accreditation Panel
• Accredited programmes in Scotland
• Some challenges/ barriers to effective delivery
  of accredited programmes
• QA

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What Is Effective Practice?

• Effective practice produces the intended
  results. Chapman, T Hough, M (1998) Evidence
  Based Practice A Guide to Effective Practice
• CJSW practice aims to reduce re-offending and the
  seriousness of offending

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Understanding What Works

• The results of meta-analyses (e.g. Andrews et
  al., 1990 Lipsey, 1992) indicate that
• Offending behaviour programmes
• can effect behavioural change, i.e. reduce the
  likelihood of re-offending,
• under certain conditions

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Some Principles of Effective Practice A Reminder

• The risk principle (the WHO)
• The needs principle (the WHAT)
• The responsivity principle (the HOW)
• Community based
• Programme Integrity
• See - Chapman, T Hough, M (1998) Evidence Based
  Practice A Guide to Effective Practice

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The Scottish Accreditation Panel For Offender
Programmes

• 1997 Scottish Prison Service Accreditation
  Panel established
• 2003 Scottish Community Accreditation Panel
  established
• 2005 interim joint panel
• 2006 single panel (SAPOP)

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SAPOP who are they?

• Panel of 12
• Mix of experience (research, design, delivery)
• Mix of knowledge (psychology, social work,
  prisons, academics in criminology)

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Role of accreditation panel

• The remit of the Panel is to consider for
  accreditation
• the content and delivery of offending behaviour
• programmes.
• approving the standards, criteria and procedures
  for programme design and delivery
• receiving and considering applications for
  accreditation to determine whether they meet the
  criteria, are in need of more work, or are
  unsuccessful
• providing constructive feedback to applicants
• reviewing and modifying, where required, the
  accreditation standards in the light of new
  research and experience of applying the criteria.

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What is a programme?

• For the purposes of accreditation,
• a programme is defined as
• a planned series of activities,
• delivered over a specified period
• on an individual or group basis

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Accredited Programmes

• Community Sexual Offending Groupwork Programme
  (CSOGP)
• Constructs positive steps to stop offending

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Constructs PSSO what is it?

• In a nutshell, Constructs is a community based
  general offending behaviour groupwork programme.
• Target group - Bread Butter probationer or
  licensee
• Designed for use in community or prison based
  setting

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Constructs PSSO who is it for?

• Male
• Adult (aged 18)
• Risk of re-offending medium

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Constructs PSSO who is it for?

• persistent (have at least more than 1 previous
  conviction)
• Have poor problem solving skills (additional
  screening tool required)

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Constructs PSSO who is it not for?

• Sex offenders
• Domestic violence offenders
• exceptions may apply
• Others?
• Assessed as low risk of re-offending

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Constructs PSSO what is involved?

• Pre-programme work (11 work with case manager
  plus 1 group session)
• followed by 26 sessions each around 2 hours in
  length
• These sessions are sub-divided into 4 distinct
  stages

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Constructs PSSO what is involved?

• Motivation preparation (3 sessions)
• Problem Solving (7 sessions)
• Skill Acquisition (8 sessions)
• Relapse Prevention (8 sessions)

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(No Transcript)
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Constructs PSSO - What Does it Involve?

• Participants attend 1 session per week
• Can be delivered 2x per week in community if an
  area wishes/ is able
• Sessions need to be recorded or observed

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Constructs PSSO - What Does it Involve?

• Participants required to undertake homework
  assignments between most sessions
• Catch-up may be offered to participants who miss
  some sessions for acceptable reasons (conditions
  apply e.g. maximum 5 catch-up allowed)

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Constructs PSSO - What Does it Involve?

• Participation within groupwork programme likely
  to form only part of overall Supervision Action
  Plan/ work undertaken
• Overall Supervision Action Plan will depend upon
  assessed risks offending related needs

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Brain Teasers

• Work out answers of 6 brain teasers

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1.

• Eggstatic
• There are 6 eggs in the basket. 6
• people each take an egg. How can it
• Be that 1 egg is left in the basket?

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Answer

• The 6th person took the egg the
• basket

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2.

• The Man In The ElevatorA man lives on the tenth
  floor of a building. Every day he takes the
  elevator to go down to the ground floor to go to
  work or to go shopping. When he returns he takes
  the elevator to the seventh floor and walks up
  the stairs to reach his apartment on the tenth
  floor. He hates walking so why does he do it?

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Answer

• The man is too short to reach the 10th
• button he can only reach button for
• 7th floor

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3.

• Trouble With SonsA woman had two sons who were
  born on the same hour of the same day of the same
  year. But they were not twins. How could this be
  so?

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Answer

• Trouble With SonsA woman had two sons who were
  born on the same hour of the same day of the same
  year. But they were not twins. How could this be
  so?
• The 2 sons were part of a set of
• triplets

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4.

• Weightwatcher
• A heavyset man who works in the
• butchers shop is 6 2 tall and has a
• 40 waist. What does he weigh?

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Answer

• He weighs meat

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5.

• Bankrupt
• A woman pushes her car up to a hotel
• and immediately knows that she is
• bankrupt. How does she know?

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Answer

• The woman is playing Monopoly. She
• does not have enough money to pay
• player who owns the hotel.

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Some barriers to effective practice

• community based programmes may be more effective
  but are also full of potential, additional
  hurdles to overcome (comparison with prison based
  programmes for example)

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Attrition

• Aka drop-out
• Experience from England Wales high levels of
  drop out initially
• Rates of people completing improved to 75 80
  (2005)

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Attrition

• Experience of pilots of Constructs
• Between 17 33 completed

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Attrition possible solutions

• Some attrition is inevitable (illness, custody
  imposed, move away)
• True attrition those who should and could
  attend but fail to do so
• Role of case manager vital in reducing attrition

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Role of Case Manager

• Pre-programme work
• enhancing motivation
• assisting with practical problems
• emphasising the benefits of participating in
  programme
• sequencing of the action plan

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Role of Case Manager

• Tasks During Programme
• on-going contact
• reviews
• compliance
• support to complete the programme

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Role of Case Manager

• Post-programme work
• bridge to leaving group and linking with other
  activities
• arrange and attend post-programme review
• reassess risk of re-offending
• review and carry out other elements of
  supervision plan
• reinforce skills learned support relapse
  prevention plan

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Programme Integrity

• Effective programmes ensure that
• The intervention is delivered as intended

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Threats to Integrity

• Programme Drift
• Programme Reversal
• Programme Non-Compliance

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Ensure integrity by

• Adherence to the programme manual by recording
  sessions (or directly observing)
• Regular supervision support for staff

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6.

• Death In Egypt
• Anthony Cleopatra are lying dead
• on the floor of an Egyptian villa. Their
• bodies are unmarked and they have
• not been poisoned. There is a broken
• bowl lying nearby. How did they die?

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Answer

• Anthony Cleopatra suffocated.
• (They were goldfish)

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QA

• Ian.Mcintosh_at_scotland.gsi.gov.uk