C17' 3 Triumph of Parliament in England

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C17. 3 Triumph of Parliament in England

• Setting the Scene "The most high and absolute
  power in the realm consists in the Parliament,"
  wrote an English statesman in the 1560s. He was
  voicing a tradition that had roots in the Middle
  Ages. But in 1603, a monarch with far different
  ideas took the throne of England. "Kings are
  called gods," declared James I, "because they sit
  upon God's throne on Earth." Before long, James
  was on a collision course with Parliament.
• In the 1600s, while Louis XIV perfected royal
  absolutism in France, England developed in a
  different direction. In this section, we will
  look at why and how Parliament asserted itself
  against royal power.

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I. The Tudors and Parliament

• From 1485 to 1603, the Tudor dynasty ruled
  England. Monarchs believed in divine right but
  recognized the value of Parliament

Henry VII Henry VIII Elizabeth I
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II. The Early Stuarts

• Elizabeth died in 1603 without an heir and the
  throne passed to the Scottish Stuarts, resulting
  in a "century of revolution"

The Tomb of Elizabeth I at Westminster Abbey
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A. The Royal Challenge

• Stuart monarch James I agreed to rule according
  to English laws and customs but believed in
  divine right

James VI and I (1566 1625) was King of Scots as
James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland
as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from
1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding
his mother Mary, Queen of Scots. Regents governed
until 1578, though he did not gain full control
of his government until 1581. On 24 March 1603,
as James I, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch,
Elizabeth I. He then ruled England, Scotland and
Ireland for 22 years, until his death at the age
of 58.
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A. The Royal Challenge

• Facing opposition over funding and foreign
  policy, James dissolved Parliament in 1610

Queen Elizabeth I presiding over Parliament
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A. The Royal Challenge

• James disputed with dissenters such as the
  Puritans, who wanted to "purify" the Anglican
  church

THE PURITANS - Edgar Bundy, 1897
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A. The Royal Challenge

• James called for a new translation of the Bible,
  resulting in the King James Version

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B. Parliament Responds

• Charles I became king in 1625 and a new
  Parliament forced him to sign the Petition of
  Right - Charles dissolved Parliament in 1629

King Charles I (1600-1649)
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B. Parliament Responds

• The Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud, tried
  to enforce strict Anglican rules - many felt he
  was trying to revive Catholic practices

William Laud, (1573-1645)
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B. Parliament Responds

• Calvinist Scots revolted in 1640 and Charles
  summoned Parliament to vote on funding - the
  Long Parliament lasted until 1653

Cromwell dissolves the Long parliament - April
20, 1653
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III. The English Civil War

• When Parliament executed his chief ministers,
  Charles fought back and civil war ensued

Roundhead against Cavalier cartoon
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A. Cavaliers and Roundheads

• Supporters of Charles I were wealthy nobles known
  as Cavaliers

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A. Cavaliers and Roundheads

• The forces of the Parliament were called
  Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell, "warts and all," by Pieter van
der Faes
Roundhead Re-enactors
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B. Execution of a King

• The Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers and Charles
  I was captured, tried, and executed in January,
  1649

Execution of Charles I, January 30, 1649
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IV. The Commonwealth

• Oliver Cromwell took the title of Lord Protector
  and abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords,
  and the Church of England

Cromwell refusing the crown of England
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A. Puritan Society

• Under the Commonwealth, Puritan preachers tried
  to root out godlessness and impose a "rule of
  saints"

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B. End of the Commonwealth

• Oliver Cromwell died in 1658 and in 1660, a new
  Parliament put Charles II on the throne

Charles II (1630-1685) king of England, Scotland,
and Ireland from 1660 to 1685
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V. From Restoration to Glorious Revolution

• Charles II believed in absolute monarchy and
  secretly had Catholic sympathies

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A. A New Clash With Parliament

• Charles's brother, James II, inherited the throne
  in 1685 and many feared that he would restore the
  Catholic Church

James II (1633 1701) King of England, King of
Scots, and King of Ireland from 1685 to 1688
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A. A New Clash With Parliament

• In 1688 Parliament asked James's Protestant
  daughter, Mary and her husband, William III of
  Orange, to become rulers of England

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A. A New Clash With Parliament

• When William and Mary landed with their army,
  James II fled to France - the Glorious
  Revolution

Offer of the Crown to William and Mary
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B. English Bill of Rights

• William and Mary had to accept the English Bill
  of Rights, which ensured the superiority of
  Parliament over the monarchy

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B. English Bill of Rights

• The Toleration Act of 1689 granted limited
  religious freedom to Puritans, Quakers, and other
  dissenters, but not Catholics