ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA AML

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ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA (AML)
Presented by Judi McCarter
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Clinical Overview

• Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of four types
  of leukemia.
• AML is cancer of the blood-forming tissue (bone
  marrow).
• Normal bone marrow produces red cells, white
  cells, and platelets.
• AML causes bone marrow to produce too many
  immature white blood cells (blast cells).
• Suppresses normal blood cell production.
• Anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia

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Clinical Overview

• AML is acquired from genetic damage to the DNA of
  a single cell in the bone marrow resulting in
  malignancy.
• Diagnosed by clinical laboratory tests performed
  on blood and bone marrow.
• Primarily affects adults and children younger
  than one year old.
• Incidence is 2.5 out of 100,000 people.

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Signs and Symptoms

• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath on exertion
• Easy bruising
• Petechiae
• Bleeding in the nose or from the gums
• Prolonged bleeding from minor cuts
• Recurrent minor infections or poor healing of
  minor cuts
• Loss of appetite or weight loss
• Mild fever

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Statistics

• Incidence
• Mortality
• Prognosis
• Prognosis
• Prognosis

5-year survival rate in adults over 65 is 4
20-30 experience remission or are cured
Sources American Cancer Society, 2003 The
Leukemia Lymphoma Society, 2003
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Risk Factors

• Age
• Older adults are more likely to develop AML
• Smoking
• 20 of AML cases are linked to smoking
• Doubles the risk of disease in people older than
  60
• Genetic disorders
• Down syndrome, Fanconis anemia
• High doses of radiation
• Long-term survivors of atomic bombs
• Previous chemotherapy treatment
• Breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lymphoma
• Exposure to industrial chemicals
• Benzene

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Treatments for AML

• Chemotherapy
• Phase One Remission induction therapy
• Phase Two Remission continuation therapy
• Radiation therapy for certain cases
• Bone marrow transplantation

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Prognosis for AML

• Survival rates greatly improved over past 25
  years.
• Majority of patients still succumb to the
  disease.
• Remission rates inversely related to age.
• 5-year survival rate in adults under 65 is 33
• 5-Year survival rate in adults over 65 is 4
• Dependent upon several factors.
• Age
• White blood cell count
• Presence of translocations in bone marrow

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The Future

• Clinical trials
• New drug treatments
• Vaccines
• Immunotherapy
• Leukemia type-specific therapy
• Gene therapy
• Block encoding instructions of an oncogene
• Target the oncoprotein
• Blood and marrow stem cell transplantation
• Bone marrow transplantation provides long-term,
  disease-free survival among patients in remission

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Jillian had leukemia. She was only one year old.
She needed a transplant, but no one in her family
was a match. Joe had joined the Registry at the
encouragement of a friend. Brought together by
the National Marrow Donor Program, this donor and
recipient now have a life-long connection. http//
www.marrow.org

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• 1-800-4MY-SDBB 1-800-469-7322

http//www.sandiegobloodbank.org
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Questions??
Thank you.