Embedded Programming

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Embedded Programming

• HD TN / 41304A
• Module Lecturer Lawrence Wong
• E-mail wongyl_at_vtc.edu.hk

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Course Layouts (TN4421)

• Lecture (15 x 1 hour)
• Lesson 1-2- Module overview and Linux Fundamental
  
• Lesson 3-4 - Linux basic System Administration
  and Network Address Services
• Lesson 5-6 Embedded system and Embedded Linux
• Lesson 7 test
• Lesson 8 Recap of lab and C programming
• Lesson 9-10 An Introduction of Socket
  Programming in the Embedded and Linux environment
  
• Lesson 11-12 - Firmware development skill
  Testing
• Lesson 13 test 2
• Lesson 14-15 Recap and further development

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Course Layouts Cont. (TN4421)

• Laboratories
• Lab.1 - Linux background Installation
• Lab.2 - Linux basic administration security
• Lab.3 - Basic C Programming in Linux environment
• Lab.4 - Embedded Programming in a Linux
  environment
• Lab.5 - Introduction to Socket Programming I
  embedded Linux environment

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Course Layouts Cont. (TN4421)

• Lab.6 7 - Socket Programming with I/O features
  in embedded Linux environment
• Lab.8 - A single Internet controller based on
  embedded Linux
• Lab.9 Web base Internet application for the
  embedded Linux
• Lab10 to 14 - Project
• Lab.15 Projects presentations

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Course materials reference

• Reference book
• Guide to Linux Installation and Administration by
  Nicholas Wells (ISBN 0-619-00097-X)
• LPI Linux Certification in a Nutshell by Jeff
  Dean (OReilly)
• Downloading documentation http//www.redhat.com/d
  ocs/manuals/linux/

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What Linux can do for embedded system?
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VoIP Phone

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TV set top box/device

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Web Pads
10
Internet Radio Audio System
11
Server and gateway devices, and wireless access
points
12
Network Camera
13
Watch Pad
14
Intelligent Home Controller
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Embedded PDA
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Why embedded Linux?

• There are many choice of CPU
• X86, MIPS, PowerPC
• Free source code available (both kernel and
  applications)
• Basic components of Linux
• Linux kernel, libraries, drivers, command shell,
  GUI and windowing frameworks, and utilities
• embedded Linux kernel
• Reduced footprint implementation
• Usually without memory management unit (MMU)
• Enhancement with add-ons to support hard,
  soft or firmware real-time applications
• Examples streaming media, IP telephony, and
  robotics

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embedded Linux

• Four layers
• Hardware
• Represents all physical devices in the system
• Linux kernel
• Provide abstracts and mediates access to the
  hardware
• System application
• Provide services and interface that can help
  high-level application development
• User applications
• Provide the user interface to users

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Linux kernel

• First developed by Linus Torvalds, a Finnish
  computer science student
• Developed with C on Intel 386/486
• Current version 2.4
• 1.0 gt 1.11.2 gt 2.0 gt 2.1 2.2 gt 2.4
• 1.2 and 2.4 denote a more stable Linux kernel

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Linux kernel

• 5 features (for small footprint embedded Linux
  kernel, some features are taken out)
• Process scheduler
• Responsible for process access control to the CPU
• Memory management
• Responsible for memory sharing among different
  process
• Virtual file system
• Abstracts the details of variety of hardware
  devices by presenting a common file interface to
  all devices
• Network interface
• Provides access to several networking standard
  and variety of network hardware
• Inter-process communications
• Provides process-to-process communications
  facility

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Other tools in Linux

• Tools and utilities
• Software that simplifies and automates the
  process of generating a Linux configuration that
  is tuned to specific embedded systems
  requirement
• Assists the developer in debugging and tuning the
  system configuration, provides remote system
  maintenance and support
• GUI
• Modules, add-ons, drivers, and utilities to
  support the graphical display needs of embedded
  applications, including GUI toolkits, window
  manager, and browsers

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Summary

• Introduce the embedded system based on Linux
• Linux embedded system
• 4 layers
• Linux kernel
• 5 features

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Linux distribution

• Red Hat Linux
• Caldera OpenLinux
• SuSe Linux
• Slackware Linux
• Debian GUN/Linux

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LPI Linux Certification

• LPI (Linux Professional Institute)
• non-profit making organization, not for any
  specific vendors
• 3 levels
• exam 101 (5 topics 60Q), exam 102 (9 topics 72Q)
• exam 201 (Advanced admin) 9 topics , exam 202
  Linux Networking Admin (7 topics)
• two vendor specific electives (from exam 321,
  322, 323, 324, 325)
• Other certifications
• Sair
• GNU
• RHCE
• ComTIA Linux

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Topic 1 of exam 101

• topic 1.3 GNU and Unix commands
• objective 1 working effectively on the Unix
  Command
• objective 2 process text streams using text
  processing filters
• objective 3 perform basic file management
• objective 4 use Unix streams, pipes and
  redirects
• objective 5 create, monitor, and kill processes
• objective 6 modify process execution priorities
• objective 7 perform searches of text files
  making use of regular expressions

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Topic 2 of exam 101

• topic 2.4 devices, Linux file-system, and
  hierarchy standard
• objective 1 create partitions and file-systems
• objective 2 maintain the integrity of
  file-system
• objective 3 control file-system mounting and
  unmounting
• objective 4 set and view disk quota
• objective 5 use of file permission to control
  access
• objective 6 manage file ownership
• objective 7 create and change hard and symbolic
  links
• objective 8 find system files and place files in
  the correct location

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Topic 3 4 of exam 101

• topic 2.6 boot, initialization, shutdown, and
  runlevels
• objective 1 boot the system
• objective 2 change runlevels and shutdown or
  reboot system
• topic 1.8 documentation
• objective 1 use and manage local system
  documentation
• objective 2 find Linux documentation on the
  Internet
• objective 3 write system documentation

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Topic 5 of exam 101

• topic 2.11 basic administrative tasks
• objective 1 manage users and group accounts and
  related system files
• objective 2 tune the user environment and system
  environment variables
• objective 3 configure and sue system log files
  to meet demonstrative and security needs
• objective 4 automate system administration tasks
  by scheduling jobs to run in the future
• objective 5 maintain an effective data backup
  strategy

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Topics of Exam 102

• Topic 1.1 Hardware Architecture
• Topic 2.2 Linux Installation and Package
  Management
• Topic 1.5 Kernel
• Topic 1.7 Text editing, Processing, Printing
• Topic 1.9 Shells, Scripting, Programming,
  Compiling
• Topic 2.10 X Windows
• Topic 1.12 Networking Fundamentals
• Topic 1.13 Networking Services
• Topic 1.14 Security

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Topic 1 of Exam 102

• Topic 1.1 Hardware Architecture
• Obj 1 Configure fundamental system hardware
• Obj 2 Setup SCSI and NIC Devices
• Obj 3 Configure Modem, Sound cards

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Topic 2 of Exam 102

• Topic 2.2 Linux Installation and Package
  Management
• Obj 1 Design hard-disk lay-out
• Obj 2 Install a boot manager
• Obj 3 Make and install programs from source
• Obj 4 Manage shared libraries
• Obj 5 Use Debian package management
• Obj 6Use Red Hat Package Manager (rpm)

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Topic 3 4 of Exam 102

• Topic 1.5 Kernel
• Obj 1 Manage kernel modules at runtime
• Obj 2 Reconfigure, build and install a custom
  kernel and modules
• Topic 1.7 Text editing, Processing, Printing
• Obj 1 Perform basic file editing operations
  using vi
• Obj 2 Manage printers and print queues
• Obj 3 Print files
• Obj 4 Install and configure local and remote
  printers

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Topic 5 6 of Exam 102

• Topic 1.9 Shells, Scripting, Programming,
  Compiling
• Obj 1 Customize and use the shell environment
• Obj 2 Customize or write simple scripts
• Topic 2.10 X
• Obj 1 Install Configure XFree86
• Obj 2 Setup XDM
• Obj 3 Identify and terminate runaway X
  applications
• Obj 4 Install Customize a Window Manager
  Environment

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Topic 7 8 of Exam 102

• Topic 1.12 Networking Fundamentals
• Obj 1 Fundamentals of TCP/IP
• Obj 2 (superseded)
• Obj 3 TCP/IP Troubleshooting Configuration
• Obj 4 Configure and use PPP
• Topic 1.13 Networking Services
• Obj 1 Configure and manage inetd and related
  services
• Obj 2 Operate and perform basic configuration of
  sendmail
• Obj 3 Operate and perform basic configuration of
  apache
• Obj 4 Properly manage the NFS, smb, and nmb
  daemons
• Obj 5 Setup and configure basic DNS services

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Topic 9 of Exam 102

• Topic 1.14 Security
• Obj 1 Perform security admin tasks
• Obj 2 Setup host security
• Obj 3 Setup user level security

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Summary

• Mapping of embedded Linux to LPI level
  examinations
• LPI (Linux Professional Institute)
• total 6 examinations at different 3 levels
• exam 101, exam 102
• exam 201, exam 202
• two electives (from exam 321, 322, 323, 324, 325)