What is the Joint Project

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KEK-JAERI Joint Projecton High Intensity Proton
AcceleratorsShoji NagamiyaProject Team

• What is the Joint Project ?
• Sciences with the Joint Project
• Recent Progress and the Future Project Plan
• Issues for Nuclear and Particle Physics

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Configuration of the Accelerator Complex
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Site View of the Project
Life Material Science (Neutron, Muon, RI)
Particle Nuclear Physics
3 GeV Synchrotron
Linac 400 MeV normal linac 400-600 MeV
superconducting linac
50 GeV Synchrotron
Neutrino
Nuclear Transmutation
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Site and Surroundings
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Worlds Proton Accelerators
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Why Do We Need High Intensity Protons?
Materials Life Sciences at 3 GeV Nuclear
Particle Physics at 50 GeV RD toward
Transmutation at 0.6 GeV
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Three Questions about Mass

• Concept of the Mass Itself
• Higgs Mechanism (LHC, Lepton Collider, etc.)
• Neutrino Mass?
• Beyond the Standard Model
• Generation of the Mass of Matter ( Generation of
  the Mass of Proton or Neutron)
• Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking

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Nuclear/Particle Physics (1)

• Neutrino oscillation and neutrino mass (SuperK
  K2K)
• SuperKs atmospheric n experiment recent SNO
  experiment suggests the finite mass for nm and
  n?.
• K2K nm disappearance experiment also suggests the
  finite mass of nm.
• From measurement of mn to the lepton family
  mixing (Joint Project)
• Flux (nm) at the Planned 50 GeV PS gt 100 x
  Flux (nm) at KEK 12 GeV PS
• Future facility towards CP violation

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Atoms and Neutrinos in the Universe
Three types of neutrinos (ne, nm, n?)
Proton Electron One each
One billion each!
2m
2m
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New Data from K2K
2 year (1999-2001) data observed
at SuperKamiokande No oscillation (expected)
64 6.1 - 6.6 Observed 44
??? 97 confident that n carries a finite mass.
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Asian Map
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Nuclear/Particle Physics (2)

• Methods of how to study the origin of hadron mass
• Lattice QCD (theory)
• Implantation of a hadron in nuclear matter (Joint
  Project)
• Behavior of hadrons at hot and dense nuclear
  matter (RHIC)

mu, d-quark (5-10 MeV/c2) lt (1/100) mproton
(1000 MeV/c2)
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Atoms and Nuclei
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Possible Mass Modification?
p A Reactions
K. Ozawa, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5019
(2001).
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Materials/Life Sciences (1)
Neutron Scattering
Li
O
Mn
O
Li
Material for Li-battery seen by X rays
(left) and Neutrons (right)
X-rays interact with electrons. ?? X-rays see
high-Z atoms. Neutrons interact with nuclei. ??
Neutrons see low-Z atoms.
T. Kamiyama, et al.
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Materials/Life Sciences (2)
Hen Egg-White Lysozyme
Water molecules Observed with neutrons
N. Niimura, et al.
X-rays
Neutrons
Protein
From structure to function
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Materials/Life Sciences (3)
CuGeO3
M. Arai, et al.
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Materials/Life Sciences (4)
Muon Sciences
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World Centers
For Kaons Worlds center. For neutrinos and for
neutrons One of three big centers. For
transmutation A unique facility.
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Accelerator-Driven Transmutation (ADS)
Atomic Power Station
???
?????
Target
Proton Accelerator
Proron
Short-lived Nuclei
High-Level Waste
Neutron
Long-lived Nuclei
Without transmutation ???
Short-lived Nuclei
With Transmutation ???
Radiation Level(about1/200)
Takes 102 yrs to reach the negligible level
Takes ?104 yrs to reach the negligible level
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Transmutation Energy Production
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Recent Events (1)

• August, 1998 Suggestion of a joint effort
  between Monbu-sho and Science and Tech. Agency
  (STA)
• March, 1999 MoU between JAERI and KEK signed.
• New organization for the project was initiated.
• April, 1999 International Review Y. Cho (chair)
• Emphasized the importance of the joint effort.
• May, 1999 Positive Movement at both Monbu-sho
  and STA
• Monbu-sho Science Council emphasized the
  importance of a cooperative effort between KEK
  and JAERI.
• STA The Joint Proposal was submitted to the
  Atomic Energy Council of Japan. Enthusiastic!
• December, 1999 - June, 2000 Another ( the
  last) major review of the project.
• The Review Committee was formed under the Atomic
  Energy Council of Japan and the Science Council
  of Japan.
• Final report was published in August, 2000.
• Encouraged strongly the project. Need to set
  priorities.

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Recent Events (2)

• April, 2001 Phase 1 construction started.
• Phase 1 Phase 2 1,890 Oku Yen.
• Phase 1 1,335 Oku Yen for 6 years.
• Cash in fund 30 (JFY00) 47 (JFY01) Oku Yen.
• Construction budget does not include salaries.
• May, 2001 Construction Agreement between KEK
  and JAERI signed. A new construction team
  initiated.
• About 300 people from KEK and JAERI are now
  working.
• June, 2001 Interim Report from the Prefecture
  Committee, called Science Frontier 21.
• Connection to industry, Internationalization of
  Tokai Village, etc.
• Final report will be published in March, 2002.
• July, 2001 Approval by the Tokai Village.
• Geological studies have been started.
• December, 2001 Budget for JFY2002 (
  Supplemental budget for JFY2001).

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??5?????
Ceremony in May, 2001
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Phase 1 and Phase 2
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Phase 1 Items to be Constructed at 50 GeV

• Accelerator
• Stable operations up to 30 GeV guarenteed. Most
  likely, up to 40 GeV is possible.
• Magnets and all accelerator elements to be
  constructed in Phase 1 are for the 50 GeV
  operation.
• The power storage device is deferred to Phase 2.
• Slow Extraction
• Very limited experimental areas (see the later
  talks).
• Fast Extraction
• Elements that must be installed at the beginning
  will be constructed.
• The minimum accelerator components building for
  the fast extraction from 50 GeV.
• Crossing point between the neutrino line and the
  3 GeV BT.

to allow Phase 2 neutrino construction without
any major shutdown of the accelerators
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Ion Source
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RFQ and DTL

• RFQ with p-mode stabilizing loop DTL
  with quadrupole magnet imbedded

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Novel RF Cavity with Finemet

• ????????????
• ??????
• ( 50kV/m )???

FINEMET(?????????)????
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Magnet for 50 GeV Synchrotron
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Proposed Schedule
Now
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Organization for Construction
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Issues for 50 GeV PS

• Accelerator
• Phase 1 40 GeV could be possible instead of 30
  GeV.
• An additional power storage device is needed for
  50 GeV (Phase 2 includes the power storage
  device).
• Slow Extraction
• Need to select a few experiments for Phase 1.
• Will form PAC-like Committee soon to select
  possible experiments for Phase 1 (This point is a
  discussion item at this Workshop.)
• When do we propose Phase 2 ?
• Fast Extraction
• Neutrino experiment has a very high priority.
  KEK will submit Phase 2 neutrino construction
  budget to the Government soon.
• Need to form a high-level review committee at the
  Government.

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Issues for 50 GeV PS (continued)

• Other Issues
• What to do about an anti-proton accumulator ring?
• LEAR magnets were shipped from CERN to KEK.
• The site has to be saved before the Phase 1
  construction.
• Are there any other important areas to be
  reserved before finalizing the Phase 1
  construction design?
• Polarized protons?
• Experimental Activities until the Completion of
  the Project
• KEK 12 GeV activities and the experimental
  activities outside Japan.

Most likely, the PAC-like Committee will be
formed within half a year. Call for LOI will be
made at that time. -- Need discussions at this
Workshop, though.
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Beam Commissioning
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Possible Upgrades

• From 1 MW to 5 MW
• Strong voice toward 5 MW from neutron scattering
  community.
• Also, this upgrade is useful for nuclear
  transmutation.
• Nuclear/particle physics
• Neutrino factory
• Muon factory
• Anti-proton accumulator ring
• Ultra cold neutrons
• Heavy-ion beams at about 20 GeV per nucleon
• Polarized protons

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Summary

• Uniqueness of the Project
• Goal Worlds highest intensity for proton beams.
• Variety of secondary beams Variety of frontier
  sciences.
• International Research Center
• Would like to create a research center in the
  Asian/Oceanic region.
• Would also like to invite scientists from Europe
  and the US.
• Variety of Possibilities for Future Upgrades
• First Example of the Joint Project between the
  Past Two Agencies, Monbu-sho and STA.
• Need to Establish Strategy for the 50 GeV
  Experimental Activities

? This Workshop