IPILPS Proposal for GLASS

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IPILPS Proposal for GLASS

• Ann Henderson-Sellers, Graham Farquhar, Kendal
  McGuffie, Parviz Irannejad, Kristof Sturm, David
  Noone, Andy Pitman, Luis Martinelli and friends
  of PILPS

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Land Surface Stable Water Isotopes

• Research Hypotheses - with appropriately
  complex land-surface parameterization Stable
  Water Isotopes (SWI) (i.e. HDO and H218O) can

• integrate basin-scale hydrological processes

• partition water fluxes i.e.
• precipn rivers v. groundwater
• evapn transpiration v. evap
• trace sources of water

• label CO2 fluxes thus help resolve global
  carbon budgets (cf. Fung )

Proposing new type of PILPS/GLASS experiment in
which intercomparisons inform and educate the
community of land-surface modellers as they
develop their codes rather than afterwards
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Quick Background/Introduction

• GLASS PILPS
• is an off-line intercomparison
• is not about coupling we recognize the
  importance of host e.g. GLACE Lui et al.,
  2004a.b (multi-criteria)

• Stable Water Isotopes (SWI)
• are stable for ever (not radioactive i.e. do not
  decay)
• occur naturally in the environment they are
  free
• GCM simulation history e.g. Randy Joussaume, S.
  Sadourny, R. Jouzel, J., 1984, A general
  circulation model of water isotopes cycles in the
  atmosphere, Nature, 311, 24-29

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SWIs Predicted in GCMs sexy !
Kei Yoshirmura
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Stable Water Isotopes (SWI) Primer

• Regular water 1H216O
• H218O (2.0047e-3)
• HDO (0.1557e-3)
• D2O (5e-8) heavy water

• Concentrations measured as enrichments w.r.t.
  Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW)
• d negative (depleted w.r.t. SMOW)
• d positive (enriched w.r.t. SMOW)
• Heavier molecules condense from vapour more
  readily and evaporate less readily allowing us to
  trace and quantify the paths taken by water in
  the hydrological cycle

• Water characterised on 2-D plot of dD and d18O
• Meteoric water line MWL (local and global)
• Local evaporation line (LEL)

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Overview of IPILPS Plan

• IPILPS Isotopes in Project for Intercomparison
  of Land-surface Parameterisation Schemes
• Demand from GCMs adding SWIs now - SWING
• Links to GEWEX CSEs especially in MDB
• Need in IAEA CRP 18O in Terrestrial Vegetation
• Use PILPS strategies to investigate effectiveness
  value of stable water isotopes (SWIs) in LSSs
• Off-line simulations planned as follows
• Sept 2004 -approval from GLASS Panel
• Oct 04 - REMO forcing for 3 locations (Vienna,
  Manaus, Tumbarumba)
• Dec 04 Experimental framework agreed call
  issued
• PILPS criteria for energy and water evaluation
  new for SWI
• Apr/May 05 -Wshop to evaluate d18O dD results
  value
• Dec 05 IPILPS/GLASS session in AGU Fall Meeting

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Challenging LSSs with SW Isotopes
www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/bgc- synthesis/projects/SWING
d d 18O (d D)
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SWIs Measure CSE Basin Change

• Water isotopes integrate lake catchments in
  Mackenzie (MAGS)

• Logarithmic enhancement in Darling reveals
  irrigation impacts (MDB)

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Darling River 2002-3 Drought
d18O and d D measured in 2002-3 drought
Bourke
Walgett
Wilcannia
Collarenabri
Menindie
Gunnedah
Burtundy
Tracing a non-linear relation
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CSE -GEWEX Continental Scale Exps
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REMO d18O in Mid-Lat Precipitation
d18O as good, or bad, as precipitation amounts
(Sturm et al., 2004)
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SWI Sensitivity Compounds Hydrology
ISOLSM at 2 separate sites different dD d18O
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MDBWBP and IAEA CRP on 18O

• GEWEX CSE on Murray Darling Basin Water Balance
  Project (MDBWBP)- SWIs from inception
• IAEA CRP on 18O in Terrestrial Vegetation
  requires
• Measurements of 18O and D in grasses, trees,
  soil-water, rain and vapour at Tumbarumba near
  Canberra
• Diurnal resolution of these fluxes pools 18O
  and D in grasses, trees, soil-water, rain and
  vapour (carbon folks!)

• How to do all this?
• Simulations off-line ISOLSM as eg
• Observations to evaluate refine these
• Strength of SWIs and IPILPS
• Isotopes are INDEPENDENT data
• Isotopic shifts relate to evaporation
  /condensation i.e. to energy in/out
• Strong diurnal dependence - GMPP

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LSS Sensitivity to SWI in Vapour
ISOLSM in Amazon for two vapour enrichments
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Test IPILPS Concepts Tumbarumba
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FTIR spectrometer IR gas spectra

• Real-time, field-portable instrument
• Whole air measurement
• No sample chemistry

• Time resolution 1-20 minutes
• Precision dD ? 0.5 - 1 d13CO2 ? 0.2
  (dried air)

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IPILPS Exciting Opportunity

• Use PILPS strategies to investigate effectiveness
  value of stable water isotopes (SWIs) in LSSs
• Results potential to drive observations models
• Assists GCMs adding SWIs SWING (IAEA)
• Adds to GEWEX CSEs MAGS, LBA especially in
  MDB
• Informs obs in IAEA CRP 18O in Terrestrial
  Vegetation
• Exploits INDEPENDENT data not used in parametn

• Informs educates LSS owners as codes develop
• ECHAM/REMO bucket plus rs (Hoffman Sturm)
• MECBETH (Cuntz) includes carbon
• ISOLSM (Riley Irannejad)
• CLMiso (Noone)
• GISS LSSiso (Schmidt)
• ORCHIDEE LSSiso (de Noblet)
• SiB3iso (Suits) includes carbon
• Iso-MATSIRO (Yoshimura)

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Isotopes Can Reduce LSS Uncertainty
SiBlings

• Differences in LSS partition of surface available
  energy are a (?the?) largest source of LSS
  prediction range Henderson-Sellers et al. 2003,
  GRL

• SWIs naturally track and differentiate
  evaporation (i.e. from water surfaces) from
  transpiration (i.e. through plants)
  Henderson-Sellers et al. 2002, J Clm, 2004, JGR

• SWIs determine LSS latent heat component
  separation correctness reduce uncertainty

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IPILPS Science Questions

• Do SWIs allow determination of the right
  partitioning of latent and sensible heats?
• Do continental isotopic fluxes depend most on
  atmosphere, the land-surface conditions or their
  exchanges? Factorial/Multi-criteria exps cf.
  Henderson-Sellers 1993, J Climate, 6, 227-247
• Are adequately correct isotopic pools and
  fluxes possible with inadequate LSS complexity?
• Can LSSs to reproduce isotopic components of the
  water and mass (carbon initially) budgets?
• IPILPS is open to LSS which already have or soon
  intend to incorporate stable water isotopes
  and/or carbon isotopes. Valuable for LSS owners
  to join IPILPS prior to incorporation of isotopic
  pools and fluxes.

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Planned Timeline Web addresses

• SWING http//www.bgc-jena.mpg.de/bgc-synthesis/pro
  jects/SWING/index.shtml
• PILPS http//pilps.mq.edu.au/
• GNIP isohis.iaea.org
• REMO http//lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr/sturm/REMOis
  o/controlEU.html
• Proposed timeline for IPILPS
• Sept 2004 approval from GLASS Panel (its time
  guys)
• Oct 04 REMO/ECHAM forcing for 3 locations
• Vienna, Manaus, Tumbarumba (need high quality
  obs)
• Dec 04 Experimental framework agreed call
  issued
• PILPS criteria for energy and water evaluation (
  ALMA)
• new for SWI (need to determine precision of new
  FTIR obs)
• Apr/May 05 -Wshop probably in Canberra
  (carbon-ites)
• evaluate d18O dD results value (owners in
  charge)
• consider at least 18O tagging of plant carbon
  exchange

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Arigato gozaimasu

• Dave Griffith, U of Wollongong FTIR instrument
  and observations and proposed data collection for
  IPILPS
• THIS IS EXCITING, VERY VALUABLE and NEW
• Kendal McGuffie, UTS Amazon analysis, GSWP2
  beginnings and ISOLSM simulations
• Parviz Irannejad, ANSTO Environment ISOLSM
  simulations
• David Stone, ANSTO Environment Darling River
  observations
• Kei Yoshirmura, IIS MATSIRO-Iso
• Kristof Sturm, MPI REMO-Iso for forcing

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