ILRIs experience in livestock services for the changing world

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ILRIs experience in livestock services for the
changing world Carlos Seré Beijing April 17
2006
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This presentation is about

• The changing scenario in the livestock sector
• The impact this has on the types of services
  required
• The need for novel competencies and ways of
  working to enable an equitable provision of
  livestock services for new and traditional
  animal agriculture
• How dealing with these issues could allow the
  livestock sector to deliver equitable economic
  growth and poverty reduction

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Context

• Livestock fastest growing part of the
  agricultural sector, largely driven by the
  Livestock Revolution in emerging economies
• Need to double livestockproduction in developing
  world by 2020 to meet rising demand
• Need to deal with the dichotomous nature of
  producers and their diverse requirements if the
  livestock sector is to contribute to socially
  desirable outcomes

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Global drivers of change

• Population trends especially in developing
  countries
• Emerging disease threats, especially where threat
  to people livestock eg Avian flu
• Food safety quality standards
• Need for traceability of products
• Environmental issues associated with both
  extensive intensive production systems

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Production Key Trends

• Large and small-scale production systems
  operating in same geographical area
• Large-scale industrial systems (eg poultry)
• Small-scale systems
• - Crop/livestock systems in high potential or
  marginal areas (eg smallholder dairy)
• - Semi subsistence, pastoral systems

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The key drivers of new animal agriculture

• Changing consumer preferences associated with
  Rising incomes and Urbanization
• Interconnectedness to national and international
  markets
• Industrialization / vertical integration of the
  food chain and the emergence of international
  value chains
• New technology

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Changes in traditional animal agriculture

• Livestocks role in food production and
  subsistence agriculture remains crucial to a
  large proportion of livestock-dependent rural
  poor.
• but needing to tackle an evolving set of
  production, pests and disease problems often in
  rapidly declining environmental conditions.

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New responses to servicing the sector

• Private extension servicing large, industrial
  producers or contract farmers vertical
  integration
• ICT experiments in LAC and Asia on the use of
  e.g. mobile phones, internet and info centres
• Increasing role and influence of CAHWs and civil
  society
• .. but competencies and skills often limited or
  largely focused on traditional health services

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What role the government?

• Regulatory responsibilities, certification,
  quality control of services
• Need to change focus on provision of private
  good services to provision of public good
  services
• But, need for ongoing role in the delivery of
  curative services?
• Social responsibility to ensure services to poor
  and remote clients?

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Changing providers, changing perspectives...
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Changing roles, responsibilities and service
delivery practices

• Privatization of public services
• New forms of (and rapidly changing) relationships
  amongst public, private sector and civil society
• Decentralization, participation and consensual
  process in planning and implementation
• Rapid and widespread uptakeof new information,
  communication and knowledge management
  technologies e.g. Asia

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New challenges for livestock services provision

• Change in the contemporary development context is
  rapid and often unpredictable Services required
  that enable diverse producers to cope, compete
  and prosper in this environment
• Capacity to respond and adapt need to be enhanced
  in ways that both allow producers to innovate and
  safeguards the livelihoods of poor people linked
  to the livestock sector.

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Services? What services?

• Cope e.g. basic preventive and curative
  veterinary services, risk management / insurance,
  micro-credit, emergency
• Compete e.g. market information, marketing
  services, production technology
• Prosper e.g. traceability, input and output
  certification, quality control

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Enhancing response capacity in livestock
services provision

• Response capacity temporal and locally specific
  manner in which the following elements
  interact/interlock
• - Skills (scientific, entrepreneurial, managerial
  and other)
• - Patterns of interaction (partnerships,
  alliances, networks etc.)

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Enhancing response capacity (continued...)
- Ways of working (routines, organizational
culture, traditional practice etc.) - Policies
(clusters of supportive policy and the nature of
the policy process) - Learning (i.e. the ability
to continuously 'learn' how to use knowledge more
effectively)
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Enhancing response capacity (continued...)

• Such interaction combines knowledge stocks,
  technologies, skills sets, competencies, and
  geographical coverage needed to effectively deal
  with varied sector demands
• Interaction not only important for problem
  solving but also to identify and respond to new
  challenges and opportunities
• ..but only productive if supported by the right
  sorts of relationships Need for institutional
  and organizational change

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Institutional change and learning

• Crucial role of institutions (as in rules, norms,
  behaviour)
• Success emanates from patterns of organization
  and ways of working that support an interactive
  process of knowledge sharing and learning
• ... and the ability of these arrangements to
  adapt rapidly to changing conditions

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Innovations in services delivery

• Market development multiple forms of
  organization to bulk up production, contract
  farming, coops, development of niche markets
• Market information use of SMS, cell phones
• Health services delivery combination of human
  and veterinary services to service nomadic
  communities (Mongolia, Tchad)
• Training approaches use of video games to teach
  animal husbandry to youth

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Innovations in services delivery (cont)

• Overcoming SPS limitations to trade concept of
  commoditization of trade
• Knowledge sharing use of television, village
  level info centers, help desks to facilitate
  learning, new IT enabled distance learning
• Combining services to make them more cost
  effective
• Combined vaccines, use of local traders to sell
  small packages of vet drugs, part-time animal
  health workers
• New approaches to risk management early warning
  systems, insurance schemes
• Micro-credit growing body of experiences a la
  Grameen Bank

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Continuing challenges

• Traceability for smallholders
• Quality certification of production
• Financing services to smallholders
• Handling disease risk in dual livestock economies
• Adapting international agreements on disease
  control to the reality of todays world and
  developing countries contexts

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ILRIs livestock services research

• Ghibe Valley in Ethiopia facilitation of
  service cooperatives for delivery of
  community-based animal health services
• Development of feeding models to support
  supplementation of local feed resources
• IPMS project in Ethiopia testing of approaches
  for knowledge management in rural communities
• Assessment of livestock farmer field schools
• Integrated internal parasite control in small
  ruminants
• Training materials for Kenyan small milk traders
• Assessment of livestock relief interventions

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Conclusion / discussion topics
Serving the needs of an evolving livestock sector
to enable it to contribute effectively to
socially desirable outcomes requires

• Recognition of the needs of different strata of
  producers and other actors linked to the sector
• Institutional and organizational change that
  enhance services-, and thus response capacity in
  the sector

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Conclusion / discussion topics

• Roles and responsibilities of different sector
  service providers need to evolve with changing
  demands - challenge to combine private profit
  and public goods
• Important questions about the role of the state
  in service provision viz. social
  responsibilities Subsidized services often
  captured by the better off

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Conclusion / discussion topics

• There is significant value in sharing experiences
  within countries and across the world on how
  service delivery to the livestock sector is
  evolving.
• Concrete solutions will entail a significant
  amount of local learning and adaptation.
• Events such as this conference are valuable
  opportunities for this shared learning

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International Livestock Research Institute Better
lives through livestock Animal agriculture to
reduce poverty, hunger and environmental
degradation in developing countries ILRI 
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