Advances in Molecular Genetics

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• Advances in Molecular Genetics
• Gene map location of specific genes on a
  chromosome that has been marked with probes
• Gene probes Road Signs
• A short segment of DNA used to identify and map
  an area of a specific chromosome or entire genome

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Physical Mapping
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Marker Assisted Selection

• Use of genetic markers to select for livestock
  traits
• Markers consist of different types of detectable
  DNA sequences
• Markers are correlated with traits
• Select animals with favorable marker

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Genes Linked to Markers
Bull
Cows

Select animals that are only homozygous for this
gene!
http//www-personal.une.edu.au/bkinghor/sept98/ju
lius/sld009.htm
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GENETIC ENGINEERING

• Recombinant DNA Technology (rDNA)
• transferring DNA (and the traits it codes for)
  from one organism to another

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Transgenic Organisms

• Transgenic indicates gene transfer using
  recombinant DNA technology.
• Synonyms
• Genetically modified organism (GMO)
  Genetically engineered organism (GEO)
• Bacteria, plants and animals

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USES OF NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY

• In Crop Production
• Plants with enhanced properties
• Herbicide tolerance
• Insect tolerance (ex Bt corn)
• Virus tolerance

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Insect resistant cotton (Bt) which one?
Two fields of cotton
Regular vs. Bt corn
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USES OF NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY

• Transgenic Animals
• With enhanced nutritional or production
  characteristics future goal!
• Bioreactors to produce pharmaceuticals Gene
  Pharming
• Sources of transplant organs
  Xenotransplantation
• Disease resistant (ex TG chickens and Turkey)
• Research purposes

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Gene Pharming

• Use of genetically engineered animals to produce
  pharmaceutical compounds
• Foreign genes are inserted into zygotes

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Gene Pharming

• Compounds produced
• Alpha-1-antitrypsin
• Human serum albumin
• Human clotting factors
• Human-like milk from cattle

PPL Site
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Xenotransplantation

• Transplant into humans
• Animal cells
• Animal tissues
• Animal organs
• Active areas of research
• Bone marrow from baboons
• Liver cells from pigs
• Hearts from pigs
• Brain tissue from pigs
• Artificial blood from cows

PBS Link
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CLONING

• Very useful and versatile technique
• Production of identical research animals
• Propagation of exceptional animals

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Home Page http//metz.une.edu.au/bkinghor/
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Useful References on the Web

• http//www-personal.une.edu.au/bkinghor/
• http//www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq_noti
  ce/fs_biotechpermitgenetic.html
• http//www.fda.gov/cber/xap/xap.htm
• http//www4.od.nih.gov/oba/RAC/RAC_FAQs.htmQ.20W
  hat20is20human20gene20transfer
• http//www.fda.gov/cvm/index/fdavet/2001/Sep_Oct.h
  tmupdate
• http//www.cameron.edu/academic/science/agricultur
  e/Embryo.html

Home Page http//metz.une.edu.au/bkinghor/