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FIRST AID IN THE BUSH

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continues until professional medical assistance takes over the care. ... Stretcher out if possible. DO NOT wash the bite. Lacerations. Stop bleeding ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: FIRST AID IN THE BUSH


1
FIRST AID IN THE BUSH
  • Cathy Crittenden
  • Guides Queensland
  • Scroggin 2008

2
HAVE FUN BE SAFE
3
What is it ?
  • First Aid the initial emergency care given
    immediately upon arrival at the scene to an ill
    or injured person.
  • - continues until professional medical
    assistance takes over the care.
  • The Australian Bush rural undeveloped land or
    country areas in Australia.

4
What do you need?
  • Commonsense is the most important
  • The ability to stay calm
  • Basic first aid knowledge
  • The ability to look outside the square
  • Hiking first aid kit
  • Knowledge of surroundings and resources available
  • Another person

5
LEGAL STUFF
  • As a first aider you are under no obligation to
    help an injured person unless you owe that person
    a duty of care.
  • You should always seek permission from a
    conscious casualty prior to rendering any
    assistance
  • You can provide first aid in accordance with your
    level of training and experience.

6
000
  • 000 is the primary emergency number
  • 112 is an alternative for mobile phones
  • CB radios channel 9 for 27MHz and channel 5 for
    UHF.

7
Heat exhaustion
  • Heavy sweating
  • Paleness
  • Muscle cramps
  • Tiredness
  • Weakness
  • Dizziness
  • headache
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • fainting
  • Skin may be cool and moist
  • Pulse will be fast and weak
  • Breathing will be fast and shallow
  • Untreated, it can progress to heat stroke

8
Heat exhaustion treatment
9
Heat exhaustion treatment
  • Cooling measures
  • - cool, non alcoholic beverages
  • - rest in the shade
  • - cool the body sit in the creek or sponge
    the victim. Do not allow too much cool.
  • - lightweight, non restrictive clothing
  • - quiet atmosphere and reassurance.

10
HEAT STROKE
  • Like heat exhaustion but worse
  • Sweating has stopped
  • Irrational or aggressive behaviour
  • Staggering and fatigue
  • Visual disturbances
  • Collapse and seizures
  • Unconsciousness

11
HEAT STROKE
  • Call 000 or whatever
  • Same as heat exhaustion but also treat as shock
    and get them out quick
  • Cold packs to areas with major blood vessels
    close to skin
  • Give fluids if possible

12
Cold injuries
  • Occurs when there is freezing to tissue
  • Can also occur when air temperature is not
    freezing and when there is a high wind factor or
    wet clothing.
  • Chilblains exposed to dry cold
  • reddened tips, can have blisters
  • Trench foot (immersion injury) exposed to wet
    cold blisters are deeper
  • No permanent damage other than cold sensitivity
  • No actual freezing of tissue

13
Frostbite
  • Frostbite area of the body freezes
  • - ice crystals form in the cells
  • - ice crystals cause cells to
    rupture
  • - leads to cell death no
    recovery
  • Starts similar to chilblains then skin loses its
    blood supply, then loses feeling numb.
  • At this stage there will be loss of skin layers
    but no permanent damage.

14
Frostbite
  • If freezing continues skin becomes frozen
    hard with blisters after 1-2 days.
  • Blisters may become hard blackened
  • Most heal over 3-4 weeks leaving sensitivity to
    heat cold.
  • Further freezing involves muscles, tendons, blood
    vessels nerves.
  • Extremity is hardened, feels woody, deep purple
    or red with blisters
  • Can take several months to determine extent of
    damage

15
Treat cold injuries
  • Do not thaw if there is risk of refreezing
  • Immerse injured part in tub of hot water at
    40-42C
  • Re warming will induce pain
  • Avoid warming over a fire can dry out injured
    tissue
  • Blisters can be treated as a burn
  • Seek medical advice when able

16
Burns
  • 1st degree is superficial, red skin, painful
  • 2nd degree red skin blistering, pain more
    intense
  • 3rd degree skin white no sensation skin
    death
  • Burns result in infection fluid loss
  • Burns over 15 of body surface can lead to shock

17
Burns
  • Burns to head neck can result in swelling
    lead to airway obstruction
  • Burns extending circumferentially around a body
    part can restrict blood flow to part below
    require surgical release escharotomy

18
Treating Burns
  • Remove any constricting jewellry
  • Dowse affected area with cool water a.s.a.p
  • how long? 20 minutes is good
  • Immerse if possible
  • NO ice or near freezing water
  • Exposure to air causes pain
  • Can use aloe vera gel, no creams or ointments
    unless mild 1st degree

19
Treating Burns
  • Air causes pain and burns leak
  • Cover with non-adherent dressing
  • glad-wrap is good
  • time to eat those sandwiches
  • Give fluids keep body warm
  • Loss of fluid and severe pain shock
  • If the burn is large, a hospital visit maybe.

20
SNAKEBITE
  • Ouch what was that?
  • Usual treatment but immobilize and get to medical
    help
  • Dial 000? Why not.
  • Stretcher out if possible
  • DO NOT wash the bite

21
Lacerations
  • Stop bleeding
  • Wash it with what water is good
  • Cover it
  • The cut is too big tape it together duct tape
    is good
  • Splint it maybe.

22
Impaled Object
  • Pull it out? is it big or little
  • Its big oh dear it might bleed
  • Stabilize it.
  • Pad around firmly and tape in place.
  • Clothes and duct tape are good make a doughnut

23
Fractures/Sprains
  • Is the bone visible?
  • Stop bleeding
  • Clean
  • Cover
  • Stabilize

24
Transport
  • Remove from the bush
  • Make a transporter
  • You have all that is required
  • Wood and clothes if no rope. Even a sleeping bag
    can be used.
  • How many first aid kits are in your group/

25
RESOURCES
  • Many first aid kits one large kit
  • If you are not too far out in the bush (day trip
    only) you will be nearer help but have less
    resources to use
  • If you are further away (expedition) you will be
    further away from help but have more resources
  • You can only do what you can with what you have
    so dont stress!

26
Thats It
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