Workplace, Values, Ethics, and Emotions

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C H A P T E R
Workplace, Values, Ethics, and Emotions
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Values at Work

• Values stable, long-lasting beliefs about what
  is important define right or wrong, good or bad
• Espoused
• What we want others to believe we hold
• Enacted
• Values in use, what we actually practice

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Importance of Values at Work

• Globalization
• Increasing awareness of sensitivity to
  different values
• Replacing Direct Supervision
• Potentially aligns employees decisions actions
  with corporate goals
• Demand for Ethical Practices
• Increasing pressure to engage in ethical practices

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Cultural Differences in Values

• 5 Cross-Cultural Values
• Individualism vs. Collectivism
• Power Distance
• Uncertainty Avoidance
• Achievement vs. Nurturing Orientation
• Long vs. Short-Term Orientation

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Individualism- Collectivism
Individualism
UnitedStates
Germany

• Degree to which people value individualism vs.
  group goals

Japan
China
Collectivism
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Power Distance
High Power Distance
Malaysia

• Extent to which people accept unequal
  distribution of power in society

France
Japan
United States
Germany
Low Power Distance
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Uncertainty Avoidance
High Uncertainty Avoidance
Japan

• Degree that people tolerate ambiguity (low
  uncertainty avoidance) or feel threatened by
  ambiguity uncertainty (high uncertainty
  avoidance)

Germany
United States
Singapore
Low Uncertainty Avoidance
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Achievement-Nurturing
Achievement
Japan

• Degree that people value assertiveness,
  competitiveness, materialism (achievement)
  versus relationships well-being of others
  (nurturing)

United States
South Korea
Sweden
Nurturing
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Long/Short-Term Orientation
Long-Term Orientation
China

• Degree people value thrift, savings,
  persistence (long-term) versus past present
  issues (short-term)

Japan
Netherlands
United States
Russia
Short-Term Orientation
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3 Ethical Principles

• Utilitarianism
• Greatest good for greatest number
• Individual Rights
• Fundamental entitlements in society
• Distributive Justice
• Inequality must have equal access
• Inequality must benefit the least well off

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Influences on Ethical Conduct

• Moral Intensity
• Degree issue demands ethical principles
• Ethical Sensitivity
• Ability to recognize the presence determine the
  relative importance of an ethical issue
• Situational Influences
• Competitive pressures other conditions affect
  ethical behavior

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Emotions, Attitudes, Behavior
Feelings
Attitude
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Managing Emotions

• Emotional Labor effort, planning control
  needed to express organizationally desired
  emotions during interpersonal transactions

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Managing Emotions

• Display Rules display certain emotions withhold
  others display norms vary across cultures
• Emotional Dissonance conflict between required
  true emotions causes stress job burnout

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Emotional Intelligence

• Emotional Intelligence (EQ) ability to monitor
  ones own others feelings emotions, to
  discriminate among them, use this info to guide
  ones thinking actions
• Physicians have above average IQ (120), but
  below average EQ (90)

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Emotional Intelligence Dimensions
Self- Awareness
Emotional Intelligence
Self- Regulation
Social Skill
Self- Motivation
Empathy
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Job Satisfaction

• Research Results
• Decreases voluntary turnover absenteeism
• Decreases employee theft violence
• Increases customer satisfaction
• Increases profitability
• Weak link to task performance

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Job Satisfaction

• How satisfied are you
• with your job?
• 41 completely satisfied
• 44 somewhat satisfied
• Americans have 4th highest satisfaction rating in
  survey of 39 countries

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Job Satisfaction
Org. Practices
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Organizational Commitment

• Affective Commitment
• Loyalty to the organization, co-workers,..
• Continuance Commitment
• Staying with the organization serves your
  personal needs too costly to quit

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Building Organizational Commitment

• Maintain fairness satisfaction
• Provide some job security
• Support organizational comprehension
• Involve employees in decisions
• Build trust