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Title: Recent Progress and Future Directions of Muon Radiography -materials, biomedical, industrial and homeland-security application-


1
Recent Progress and Future Directionsof Muon
Radiography-materials, biomedical, industrial
and homeland-security application-
  • NuFact 2006
  • Irvine, August 28, 2006
  • K. Nagamine
  • UCR/RIKEN/KEK

2
Recent Progress and Future Directionsof Muon
Radiography
  • Introduction
  • Classification of Muon Radiography
  • Materials Research
  • Biomedical Research
  • Industrial Application
  • Homeland-Security Application

3
  • Excellent Features of Muon for Radiography
  • Long Range for Large-Scale Substance
  • Possible Future Development of Muon Beam
  • High-Intensity Proton Beam
  • Cooling Acceleration

4
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5
Significant Feature of Muon Radiogaraphy
? 100 Defection Efficiency Easy
Track Determination
6
THE ADVANCED MUON BEAM
7
The 50 keV micro and bunched beam
8
The 10 MeV pencil beam
9
Capillary Guiding?
Polymer foil with capillaries of 100 nm diameter
and 10 mm length. The Majority of the ions
survives in the initial charge state.
Stolterfoht et al., PRL 88 133201
10
RFQ-2 with Capillary Guide
11
Specification of Muon RFQ-II
  • Input energy
    0.02 MeV
  • Shaper energy 0.04401 MeV
  • Shaper phase -61.4151236
    deg
  • Gentle-buncher energy 0.2 MeV
  • Gentle-buncher phase -30 deg
  • Final energy
    1 MeV
  • Final synchronous phase -30
    deg
  • Vane voltage
    0.105584952 MV
  • Accelerating efficiency 0.176665722
  • Focusing parameter 6.70206555
  • Number of radial matching cells 4
  • Transition cell with no m1 section
  • Section lengths
  • Radial matching section 2.91178657 cm
  • Shaper
    73.8124553 cm
  • Gentle buncher 63.5343249 cm
  • Accelerating section 198.208594 cm
  • Transition region
    4.3519845 cm

12
EXPECTED ADVANCED MUON BEAM AT DTL-EXIT
13
Classification of Muon RadiographyKNs Personal
View
  • Transmission versus Reflection
  • Type of Muon
  • Application Fields
  • Furure Development of Muon Beam

14
Classification of Muon Radiography

Type Muon Souce Signal Application Future Direction
Reflection Radiography L.E. Muon E 50 MeV Positron/Electron from Muon Decay Materials Lousy Beam
?
X-Ray from Muonic Atom Biomedical Advanced L.E. Beam
Transmission Radiography H.E. Muon E 50 MeV Transmitted Muon Industrial Cosmic-Ray
?
Homeland-Security Advanced H.E. Beam

15
Two Types of RadiographyTransmission versus
Reflection
  • Transmission
  • Range
  • Thickness
  • probing whole
  • structure
  • Reflection
  • Range
  • ltThickness
  • probing surface
  • area of large substance

16
Materials ResearchmSR with Advanced Muon Beam
17
mSR High-Pressure Materials Studieswith Advanced
Muon Beam
  • Sample holder of the HIPPO instrument at LANSCE
    10 mm3 sample upto 13 GPa. Beam is introduced
    through a few mm narrow horizontal hole towards
    the sample at the center.
  • Muon experiment with the presently proposed muon
    pencil-beam.

18
mSR High-Pressure Materials Studies
  • Pressure is a valued "clean" technique to change
    the electronic structure of uniform
    condensed-matter systems. 
  • Nearly all correlated-electron materials, in
    particular, exhibit low-energy phenomena that are
    sensitive to pressure because of exponential
    sensitivity to details of the electronic
    structure this in turn is affected by change in
    sample size induced by pressure. 
  • Ce first-order valence transitions
    terminating in a second- order critical
    point?superconducting above 10 GPa?
  • Low-dimensional organic conducting
    compounds
  • magnetic, superconducting, metallic,
    and insulating phases in the
    pressure-temperature phase diagram at several
    GPa.
  • Fe loses ferromagnetism at 13 GPa and becomes
    superconducting at 15 GPa.
  • Currently most high-pressure µSR experiments are
    done with maximum pressures of about 1.5 GPa.
    Neutron scattering, on the other hand, has been
    carried out at pressures up to 15 GPa.
  • The Advanced 10 MeV Muon Beam would enable use of
    diamond anvils, to reach 15 GPa.

19
Biomedical ResearchSpin Radiography with
Advanced Muon Beam
  • Muon Detection of Hemoglobin Magnetism and Future
    Application to Studies of Brain Function
  • Electron Introduction and Probing
    Localization and Transfer of Introduced-Electron
  • Fundamental Understanding of Biological Radiation
    Effect by Muon Radiation

20
Muon Spin Probe for Life Science
21
DEVELOPMENT OF MUON SPIN IMAGINGTOWARDS HUMAN
BRAIN STUDIES
  • Loclization of Muon Stopping Region Muon Energy
    Selection Positron Ray-Tracing
  • Selective Localization of Muon to Specific Parts
    of heme-Proteins
  • Pick-Up of Hb-Specific Signals out of Those from
    Other heme-Proteins
  • Detection of Oxy- vs Deoxy-Hb for Brain Function
    Studies

22
Loclization of Muon Stopping Region Muon Energy
Selection Positron Ray-Tracing
  • Selection of muon energy and its width for
    stopping region below 5 mm along the beam axis
  • Improvement of transverse spatial resolution by 2
    units of position-sensitive detectors
  • (5 mm)3 at 10 cm depth in biological substances
    within some 10
    sec for one mSR data
  • Blood Voume 25 of Muon Stopping Region

23
Selective Localization of Muon to Specific Parts
of heme-Proteins
  • Positive Muon is selectively attracted and
    positioned at the negatively charged part of the
    heme-Proteins near to Fe.
  • Evidences Cytochrome-c, Cytochrome-c Oxydase,
    Myoglobin
  • Same mSR signal was observed among hemoglobin
    solution (13 ) and human blood (3040).
  • More stopping at heme-Proteins
  • Less stopping at Lipid or Neurons

24
Pick-Up of Hb-Specific Signals out of Those from
Other heme-Proteins
  • Electron Transfer Proteins
    Slow and Large Relaxation with Characteristic
    Field Dependence
  • Hemoglobin Unique and Fast Relaxation
  • Lipid, Hydrocarbon No Relaxation

?
?
25
Detection of Oxy- vs Deoxy-Hb Quantities for
Brain Function Studies
  • Fluctuation of Heme-Fe Spin in Deoxy-Hb
    Local Fluctuating Field of 10100 G depending
    upon Correlation Time
  • Diamagnetism and/or Microscopic Bohr Effect in
    Oxy-Hb H introduces
    structure change to release Oxygen

?
?
26
Muon Spin Method vs Other Methods for Brain
Function Studies
  • a) principle, b) spatial resolution and depth in
    the brain, c) required time for analysis
  • Functional MRI a) Nuclear magnetic resonance
    imaging applied for the specific part of the
    brain, measuring resonance signal (intensity,
    relaxation time, etc.) under some Tesla magnetic
    field, probing paramagnetism of deoxy-hemogrobin
    in brain blood-flow, b) a few mm and deep in the
    brain, c) a few 10 sec,
  • PET a) Positron emission tomography from the
    radioactive species externally injected and
    reaching to the specific part of the brain as
    tracers in blood and its metabolite, b) 15 mm and
    deep in the brain, c) a few min,
  • Optical topography a) Spectroscopy of the
    reflected light of infrared laser probing
    oxidization of blood flow, b) 20 mm and out of
    field of view, c) 0.1 sec,
  • Muon Spin Probes a) Detecting weak magnetism
    of blood by spin relaxation as a function of time
    under zero external field, b) a few mm and any
    part of the brain, c) at most a few sec,
  • deep, small volume, without magnetic field,
  • real time, Oxy-Hb Signal, minimum radiation
    effect

27
Industrial ApplicationTransmission of H.E. Muon
  • Probing Inner-Structure of Large-Scale Industrial
    Machinery during Operation
  • Nuclear Reactor Application
    Inner-Structure during Operation Analysis of
    Used Fuel-Rod
  • Examination of Inside Condition of
    Re-enforced Concrete Architecture
  • Cosmic-Ray Experiences?
  • Advanced H.E. Muon
    Beam

28
PROBING BLAST FURNACEDURING FULL OPERATION
29
Cosmic Ray Muon Radiography of BF No.2 Raw F/B
Data(1)Detector(0m)
30
Cosmic Ray Muon Radiography of BF No. 2 Raw B/F
DataDetector( 2m up)
31
SUMMARY CONCLUSION
  • BLAST FURNACE WAS SUCCESSFULLY AND PRECISELY
    PROBED BY COSMIC-RAY MUON RADIOGRAPHY
  • PROVIDING CRUCIAL DATA FOR LIFE-TIME
    PREDICTION
  • MORE THAN 1B ECONOMIC IMPACT
  • NICE FEEDBACK IS EXPECTED TO OTHER MUON
    SCIENCES
  • NATURAL DISASTERS PREVENTION
  • MUON CATALIZED FUSION,
  • MUONIC ANTI-HYDROGEN, etc.

32
Homeland-Security Application Transmission of
H.E. Muon
33
ELEMENT SELECTIVE RADIOGRAPHY USE FOR
HOMELAND SECURITY
34
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