WATER CYCLE

1
WATER CYCLE

• Evapotranspiration (Transpiration and
  evaporation)
• Condensation
• Precipitation
• Infiltration
• Runoff

2
EARTHS WATER

• 97 Ocean
• 3 fresh
• 75 glaciers
• 25 liquid
• 95 groundwater
• .01 rivers
• 1/10,000 of all water is in rivers

3
RIVER SYSTEMS

• Trunk
• Tributaries
• Divides
• Drainage basin / watershed

4
STREAM FLOW

• Laminar
• Turbulent
• Velocity factors
• Gradient
• Shape, size, and roughness
• discharge width x depth x velocity

5
RIVER EROSION

• Load
• Dissolved
• Suspended (most)
• Bed
• Competence
• Capacity

6
RIVER EROSION

• Meanders
• Cut banks
• Point bars
• Cutoffs
• Oxbow lakes
• Braided streams
• Base level (local, ultimate)

7
RIVER VALLEYS

• Young (v-shaped)
• Rapids and waterfalls
• Mature / Old
• Meanders
• incised
• Floodplains

8
RIVER DEPOSITS

• Sorted deposits
• Alluvium
• Deltas
• distributaries
• Levees
• Backswamps
• Yazoo tributaries
• Alluvial fans

9
DRAINAGE PATTERNS

• Dendritic
• Radial
• Rectangular
• Trellis

10
GROUNDWATER

• Zone of saturation
• Zone of aeration
• Water table
• Area of recharge
• Area of discharge

11
GROUNDWATER MOVEMENT

• Porosity
• Permeability
• Aquifers
• Aquitards / aquicludes

12
GEOTHERMAL FEATURES

• Hot springs
• Geysers
• Fumaroles
• Mud pots

13
WELLS

• Drawdown
• Cone of depression
• Artesian wells

14
GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

• Nonrenewable
• Land subsidence
• contamination

15
KARST FORMATIONS

• Caves / caverns
• Stalactites
• Stalagmites
• Columns
• Sinkholes / sinks
• Travertine